Mental Health Symptoms Unexpectedly Increased in Students Aged 11-19 Years During the 3.5 Years After the 2016 Fort McMurray Wildfire: Findings From 9,376 Survey Responses.
Mental Health Symptoms Unexpectedly Increased in Students Aged 11-19 Years During the 3.5 Years After the 2016 Fort McMurray Wildfire: Findings From 9,376 Survey Responses.
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2016年麦克默里堡野火（Fort McMurray Wildfire）的3.5岁的学生意外增加了11-19岁的学生的心理健康症状：9,376次调查的发现。
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyt.2021.676256
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Silverstone PH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown MRG;Pazderka H;Agyapong VIO;Greenshaw AJ;Cribben I;Brett-MacLean P;Drolet J;McDonald-Harker CB;Omeje J;Lee B;Mankowsi M;Noble S;Kitching DT;Silverstone PH
在加拿大艾伯塔省麦克默里堡，2016年5月的野火迫使8.8万人口以创伤和混乱的方式迅速疏散。该市10%的房屋被毁，更多的建筑遭到破坏。由于年轻人特别容易受到自然灾害的负面影响，我们研究了可能的长期心理影响。为了评估这一点，我们与麦克默里堡公立学校和天主教学校合作，他们在2017年11月、2018年和2019年11月对7-12年级(11-19岁)的学生进行了调查-即在野火发生1.5、2.5和3.5年后。这项调查包括创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)、抑郁、焦虑、药物使用、酒精使用、烟草使用、生活质量、自尊和韧性的有效测量量表。对2017年3070份样本、2018年3265份样本、2019年3041份样本的大规模匿名调查进行了数据分析。结果出人意料，显示从2017年到2019年，除吸烟外，所有精神健康症状都有所增加。与这种模式一致的是，自尊和生活质量得分下降。复原力得分没有显著变化。因此，心理健康指标恶化，这与我们最初的假设相反，即它们会随着时间的推移而改善。值得注意的是，我们观察到年龄较大的学生、女性学生比男性学生以及具有少数性别认同的个人，包括变性人和性别不一致的人，心理健康问题水平更高。这些发现表明，在一场野火灾难之后，有害的心理健康影响可以在年轻人身上持续数年。这突显了为灾后青年提供多年心理健康支助方案的必要性。有必要提供多年的灾后支持这一迹象相对新颖，尽管并非鲜为人知。有必要系统地调查与野火灾难后青年恢复有关的因素，以及相对于早期灾后干预措施，在灾后恢复后期阶段的社会心理战略的效力。
In Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada, the wildfire of May 2016 forced the population of 88,000 to rapidly evacuate in a traumatic and chaotic manner. Ten percentage of the homes in the city were destroyed, and many more structures were damaged. Since youth are particularly vulnerable to negative effects of natural disasters, we examined possible long-term psychological impacts. To assess this, we partnered with Fort McMurray Public and Catholic Schools, who surveyed Grade 7–12 students (aged 11–19) in November 2017, 2018, and 2019—i.e., at 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 years after the wildfire. The survey included validated measurement scales for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, drug use, alcohol use, tobacco use, quality of life, self-esteem, and resilience. Data analysis was done on large-scale anonymous surveys including 3,070 samples in 2017; 3,265 samples in 2018; and 3,041 samples in 2019. The results were unexpected and showed that all mental health symptoms increased from 2017 to 2019, with the exception of tobacco use. Consistent with this pattern, self-esteem and quality of life scores decreased. Resilience scores did not change significantly. Thus, mental health measures worsened, in contrast to our initial hypothesis that they would improve over time. Of note, we observed higher levels of mental health distress among older students, in females compared to male students, and in individuals with a minority gender identity, including transgender and gender-non-conforming individuals. These findings demonstrate that deleterious mental health effects can persist in youth for years following a wildfire disaster. This highlights the need for multi-year mental health support programs for youth in post-disaster situations. The indication that multi-year, post-disaster support is warranted is relatively novel, although not unknown. There is a need to systematically investigate factors associated with youth recovery following a wildfire disaster, as well as efficacy of psychosocial strategies during later phases of disaster recovery relative to early post-disaster interventions.
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