The Impact of Worksite Wellness Programs by Size of Business: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study of Participation, Health Benefits, Absenteeism, and Presenteeism
The Impact of Worksite Wellness Programs by Size of Business: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study of Participation, Health Benefits, Absenteeism, and Presenteeism
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DOI：
10.1093/annweh/wxy049
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Newman, Lee S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwatka, Natalie V.;Smith, Derek;Newman, Lee S.
目标：工作场所健康计划 (WWP) 可能会对员工健康、医疗支出、缺勤和出勤产生积极影响。然而，很少有研究评估 WWP 对小型企业的好处。本研究的目的是前瞻性评估参加 WWP 的员工在健康、缺勤和出勤方面的变化。方法：我们对来自 314 家不同规模企业的 5766 名员工进行了一项为期 3 年的观察性队列研究。我们跟踪了两组员工，他们在 2010 年 5 月至 2014 年 12 月期间至少完成了两次年度健康风险评估 (HRA)。评估了从基线到第一和第二个随访期的慢性和非慢性健康状况、缺勤和出勤情况的变化。结果：小型企业员工比大型企业员工更有可能参加 WWP。慢性和非慢性健康状况的变化因企业规模而异，小企业员工在压力、整体健康、抑郁、吸烟状况、蔬菜和水果消费、体力活动以及对工作健康文化的看法方面表现出改善。相比之下，大型企业员工的压力、蔬菜消费和饮酒情况均有所改善。没有观察到缺勤或出勤率的变化。结论：与大型雇主的员工相比，小型企业实现了更高的员工参与率和更多的健康改善。研究结果表明，小型企业可能从 WWP 中获益最多。
Objective: Worksite wellness programs (WWP) may positively impact employee health, medical expenditures, absenteeism, and presenteeism. However, there has been little research to assess the benefits of WWP in small businesses. The purpose of this study is to prospectively evaluate changes in health, absenteeism, and presenteeism for employees who participated in a WWP.Methods: We conducted an observational, 3-year cohort study of 5766 employees from 314 businesses of differing sizes. We followed two cohorts of employees, who completed at least two annual health risk assessments (HRA) between May 2010 and December 2014. Changes from baseline to the first and second follow-up periods were assessed for chronic and non-chronic health conditions, absenteeism, and presenteeism.Results: Small business employees were more likely to participate in the WWP than were employees from large businesses. Changes in chronic and non-chronic health conditions varied by size of business, with small business employees showing improvements in stress, overall health, depression, smoking status, vegetable and fruit consumption, and physical activity, and in their perceptions of job health culture. In contrast, large business employees experienced improvements in stress, vegetable consumption, and alcohol use. No changes in absenteeism or presenteeism were observed.Conclusions: Small businesses achieve higher employee participation rates and more health improvements when compared to employees from large employers. Findings suggest that small businesses may gain the most from a WWP.