Factor of two : halving the fuel consumption of new U.S. Automobiles by 2035
Factor of two : halving the fuel consumption of new U.S. Automobiles by 2035
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二分之一：到 2035 年将美国新车的燃料消耗减半
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4020-6979-6_4
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
J. Heywood
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Cheah;Christopher Evans;A. Bandivadekar;J. Heywood
本章描述了美国(U.S.)交通运输业几乎完全依赖从石油中提炼出来的汽油和柴油来提供汽车所提供的非凡机动性。这种依赖带来了一个具有挑战性的能源和环境问题，因为运输部门承担着该国三分之二的石油消费和三分之一的碳排放。随着人们对能源安全和全球气候变化影响的担忧与日俱增，美国国会于2007年12月通过了一项新的立法指令，以提高未来20年新乘用车的燃油经济性。位于马萨诸塞州剑桥市的麻省理工学院(MIT)能源与环境实验室的交通专家研究了2035年前将新型轻型汽车(包括轿车、旅行车、运动型多功能车(SUV)、皮卡和货车)的平均燃油经济性提高一倍或减半所需的车辆设计和销售组合变化。为了实现这两个因素的目标，评估了三种可用的和可以大规模实施的技术选择：(1)将未来车辆技术效率的改进引导到降低燃油消耗而不是改善车辆性能；(2)增加柴油、涡轮增压汽油和混合动力汽油推进系统的市场份额；(3)减少车辆的尺寸和重量。
The chapter describes how the United States (U.S.) transport sector is almost totally dependent on gasoline and diesel fuel refined from oil to provide the remarkable mobility provided by the automobile. This dependence presents a challenging energy and environmental problem, as the transportation sector is responsible for two-thirds of total petroleum consumption and a third of the nation’s carbon emissions. Amid growing concerns over energy security, and the impacts of global climate change, the U.S. Congress in December 2007 adopted a new legislative directive to increase the fuel economy of new passenger vehicles over the next two decades. Transportation experts at the Laboratory for Energy and Environment, part of the Massachusetts Instute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, have examined the vehicle design and sales mix changes necessary to double the average fuel economy or halve the fuel consumption of new light duty vehicles (LDVs)—including cars, station wagons, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), pickup trucks and vans—by model year 2035. In order to achieve this factor of two target, three technology options that are available and can be implemented on a large scale were evaluated: (1) channeling future vehicle technical efficiency improvements to reducing fuel consumption rather than improving vehicle performance; (2) increasing the market share of diesel, turbocharged gasoline and hybrid electric gasoline propulsion systems; and (3) reducing vehicle size and weight.