The king's two bodies : a study in mediaeval political theology
The king's two bodies : a study in mediaeval political theology
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国王的两个身体：中世纪政治神学研究
DOI：
10.2307/1844871
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发表时间：
1958
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
E. Kantorowicz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Kantorowicz
1957年，恩斯特·坎特罗维奇（Ernst Kantorowicz）出版了一本书，这本书将成为几代学者解读中世纪政治神学的《双城之战》奥秘的指南。在《国王的两个身体》一书中，康托罗威茨将“国王的两个身体”--政治体和自然体--所提出的历史问题追溯到中世纪，并通过将这一概念置于中世纪思想和政治理论的适当背景下，论证了近代早期西方君主政体是如何逐渐开始发展“政治神学”的。“国王的自然身体具有物理属性，受苦，自然死亡，就像所有的人一样;但是国王的另一个身体，精神身体，超越了尘世，作为他的办公室的象征，具有神圣的统治权。这两个机构的概念允许君主制的连续性，即使君主去世，如“国王死了。国王万岁《国王的两个身体》汇集了礼拜仪式的作品、图像和辩论材料，探讨了这一“政治神学”背后的基督教悠久历史。它提供了一个微妙的历史，联邦如何发展象征性的手段来建立他们的主权，并通过这种手段，开始建立民族国家的早期形式。1938年，坎托罗维奇在拒绝签署纳粹忠诚誓言后逃离纳粹德国，定居美国。在加州大学伯克利分校任教期间，他再次拒绝签署效忠宣誓，这一宣誓旨在确认共产党的同情者。他辞职的结果，争议和转移到高等研究院在普林斯顿，在那里他仍然为他的余生，并在那里他写了“国王的两个机构。"
In 1957 Ernst Kantorowicz published a book that would be the guide for generations of scholars through the arcane mysteries of medieval political theology. In "The King's Two Bodies," Kantorowicz traces the historical problem posed by the "King's two bodies"--the body politic and the body natural--back to the Middle Ages and demonstrates, by placing the concept in its proper setting of medieval thought and political theory, how the early-modern Western monarchies gradually began to develop a "political theology." The king's natural body has physical attributes, suffers, and dies, naturally, as do all humans; but the king's other body, the spiritual body, transcends the earthly and serves as a symbol of his office as majesty with the divine right to rule. The notion of the two bodies allowed for the continuity of monarchy even when the monarch died, as summed up in the formulation "The king is dead. Long live the king." Bringing together liturgical works, images, and polemical material, "The King's Two Bodies" explores the long Christian past behind this "political theology." It provides a subtle history of how commonwealths developed symbolic means for establishing their sovereignty and, with such means, began to establish early forms of the nation-state. Kantorowicz fled Nazi Germany in 1938, after refusing to sign a Nazi loyalty oath, and settled in the United States. While teaching at the University of California, Berkeley, he once again refused to sign an oath of allegiance, this one designed to identify Communist Party sympathizers. He resigned as a result of the controversy and moved to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, where he remained for the rest of his life, and where he wrote "The King's Two Bodies."