Function of Segmental Reflexes in the Control of Stepping in Cockroaches and Cats
Function of Segmental Reflexes in the Control of Stepping in Cockroaches and Cats
复制标题
节段反射在蟑螂和猫控制行走中的作用
DOI：
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发表时间：
1976
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Duysens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Pearson;J. Duysens
对蟑螂和猫科动物控制步行的反射机制进行了比较，试图找出控制陆地行走的常见功能反射。研究的主要问题是：是什么启动了从单腿站立到挥杆的转变？在这两种动物中，都发现在站立阶段阻止腿部伸展会抑制这条腿的有节奏的运动，但不会抑制另一条腿的节奏。允许被阻挡的腿缓慢伸展，最终导致挥杆开始。有两种机制可以解释这些观察结果：1)在转折点发出肢体位置信号的感受器的活动导致从站立到摆动的切换；2)随着腿的伸展，腿所承载的负荷减少，检测负荷的感受器的活动减少导致摆动的启动。在猫中，站立结束时的臀部角度在各种行为情况下保持不变，这表明摆动开始的信号来自髋部位置传入(机制1)。对于蟑螂来说，已经发现站立时角质应激感受器(钟状感受器)的活动抑制了负责产生摆动的系统。因此，当负荷感受器对摆动产生系统的抑制减少时，摆动就开始了(机制2)。
The reflex mechanisms controlling stepping in the cockroach and cat have been compared in an attempt to identify common functional reflexes in the control of terrestrial walking. The main question examined was: what initiates the transition from stance to swing in a single limb? In both animals it has been found that blocking leg extension during the stance phase inhibits the rhythmic movements of that leg but not the rhythm in the other legs. Allowing the blocked leg to extend slowly eventually leads to the initiation of swing. Two mechanisms could explain these observations: 1) the activity in receptors signalling the position of the limb at the transition point causes the switch from stance to swing, and 2) as the leg is extended the load carried by that leg is reduced and decreased activity in receptors detecting the load causes the initiation of swing. In the cat the hip angle at the end of stance remains constant in a variety of behavioural situations, indicating that the signal for swing initiation originates from hip position afferents (mechanism 1). For the cockroach it has been found that activity in cuticular stress receptors (campaniform sensilla) during stance inhibits the system responsible for producing swing. Thus swing is initiated when the inhibition of the swing generating system by load receptors is reduced (mechanism 2).