Contextual Influences on Subjective and Behavioral Responses to Alcohol
Contextual Influences on Subjective and Behavioral Responses to Alcohol
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DOI：
10.1037/a0038760
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发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Enders, Craig K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Corbin, William R.;Scott, Caitlin;Enders, Craig K.
对酒精影响的不同敏感性（例如，增加的刺激和减少的镇静）与较重的使用和问题有关。虽然遗传因素有助于酒精反应（AR），但环境因素也可能发挥作用。本研究采用受试者间安慰剂对照设计检查了物理环境对AR的影响。有157名（57%男性）参与者（年龄21-30岁）根据饮料（安慰剂或酒精[目标BrAC = 0.08 g%]）和物理环境（模拟酒吧或传统实验室）随机分配至4种条件之一。使用酒精主观效应量表和双相酒精效应量表以及行为任务（包括气球焦虑风险任务（BART）及其负强化对应物（MRBURNS））评估AR。一个饮料条件下的相互作用出现了低唤醒积极的主观反应（SR），并在妇女中，表现在BART任务。仅在实验室环境中，酒精（相对于安慰剂）与更强的低唤醒阳性SR相关，对于女性，与BART任务的表现受损相关。这表明，刺激性较小的实验室环境可能更适合区分积极的酒精效应和预期，而酒吧环境可能更适合检测预期效应。研究结果还表明，在刺激性较低的环境中更好地欣赏积极的酒精效应（相对于预期）的能力可能会导致在这些环境中饮酒的个人加强这些效应。
Differential sensitivity to alcohol effects (e.g., increased stimulation and decreased sedation) is associated with heavier use and problems. Although genetic factors contribute to alcohol response (AR), environmental factors may also play a role. This study examined effects of physical context on AR using a between subjects placebo-controlled design. There were 157 (57% male) participants (ages 21-30) who were randomized to 1 of 4 conditions based on beverage (placebo or alcohol [target BrAC = .08 g%]) and physical context (simulated bar or traditional lab). AR was assessed using the Subjective Effects of Alcohol Scale and the Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale, as well as behavioral tasks including the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) and its negative reinforcement counterpart (MRBURNS). A beverage condition by context interaction emerged for low arousal positive subjective response (SR), and among women, for performance on the BART task. In the lab context only, alcohol (relative to placebo) was associated with stronger low arousal positive SR and, for women, with impaired performance on the BART task. This suggests that a less stimulating lab context may be better suited to differentiating positive alcohol effects from expectancies, whereas a bar context may be better suited to detecting expectancy effects. The findings also suggest that the ability to better appreciate positive alcohol effects (relative to expectations) in less stimulating contexts may lead to a strengthening of these effects among individuals who drink in these environments.