Wetland treatment at extremes of pH: a review.

Wetland treatment at extremes of pH: a review.
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极端 pH 值下的湿地处理:综述。

DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.045
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发表时间:
2009
期刊:
The Science of the total environment
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Mayes WM
Mayes WM
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mayes WM

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人工湿地是一种成熟的处理技术,用于处理各种污染废水。利用湿地作为处理酸性矿山废水的单元工艺有着悠久的历史,而最近的研究强调了湿地缓冲高碱性(pH>12)废水的潜力。本文回顾了这一主题的最新证据,在湿地处理酸性矿山排水,高碱性浸出液与富含石灰的工业副产品的排水或这些残留物被用作人工湿地的过滤介质,用于废水处理。湿地处理高酸性沃茨的成功的限制因素进行了讨论方面的设计实践,湿地处理高碱性工业排放的新兴应用。虽然经验得出的指导方针(面积调整的污染物去除率通常引用为10克铁/平方米/天的进水沃茨pH>5.5;和3.5-7克酸度/平方米/天的pH>4至<5.5),为矿山排水处理湿地的大小提供信息,一般已被证明是可靠的(可能是由于保守),这些数据显示出很大的变化范围内和之间的网站。强调今后研究工作的关键领域包括:(1)更广泛地整理区域化数据集中的矿井排水湿地性能数据,以改进基于计算机的设计指南,以及(2)更好地了解极端微生物群落的性质,微生物介导的污染物衰减和根际过程在极端pH值的湿地。(通过多尺度实验室和实地研究),将告知处理湿地的工程设计,并协助从目前流行的基于成本的保守规模估计转移到处理-基于优化设计指导,可以降低成本,提高性能和寿命的湿地处理酸性和高碱性排水沃茨。
Constructed wetlands are an established treatment technology for a diverse range of polluted effluents. There is a long history of using wetlands as a unit process in treating acid mine drainage, while recent research has highlighted the potential for wetlands to buffer highly alkaline (pH>12) drainage. This paper reviews recent evidence on this topic, looking at wetlands treating acidic mine drainage, and highly alkaline leachates associated with drainage from lime-rich industrial by-products or where such residues are used as filter media in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. The limiting factors to the success of wetlands treating highly acidic waters are discussed with regard to design practice for the emerging application of wetlands to treat highly alkaline industrial discharges. While empirically derived guidelines (with area-adjusted contaminant removal rates typically quoted at 10 g Fe m2/day for influent waters pH>5.5; and 3.5–7 g acidity/m2/day for pH>4 to <5.5) for informing sizing of mine drainage treatment wetlands have generally been proved robust (probably due to conservatism), such data exhibit large variability within and between sites. Key areas highlighted for future research efforts include: (1) wider collation of mine drainage wetland performance data in regionalised datasets to improve empirically-derived design guidelines and (2) obtaining an improved understanding of nature of the extremophile microbial communities, microbially-mediated pollutant attenuation and rhizospheral processes in wetlands at extremes of pH. An enhanced knowledge of these (through multi-scale laboratory and field studies), will inform engineering design of treatment wetlands and assist in the move from the empirically-derived conservative sizing estimates that currently prevail to process-based optimal design guidance that could reduce costs and enhance the performance and longevity of wetlands for treating acidic and highly alkaline drainage waters.
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