Rejuvenation of ribosomal RNA gene repeats at the nuclear pore

Rejuvenation of ribosomal RNA gene repeats at the nuclear pore
复制标题

核孔核糖体 RNA 基因重复的复兴

DOI:
10.1007/s00294-019-01024-3
复制
发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
2.5
通讯作者:
Chihiro Horigome and Takehiko Kobayashi
Chihiro Horigome and Takehiko Kobayashi
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kitagawa Saho;Kusakabe Masayuki;Takahashi Daisuke;Narimiya Takumi;Nakabayashi Yu;Seki Masayuki;Horigome Chihiro;Harata Masahiko;Chihiro Horigome and Takehiko Kobayashi

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核糖体RNA基因(RDNA)在真核生物中以串联重复的形式存在,因此高度不稳定。每个rDNA单元都包括一个复制分叉屏障位置,以避免DNA复制分叉和转录机制之间的冲突。然而,由于这一障碍,DNA双链断裂被诱导的频率相对较高。如果通过rDNA中的同源重组修复损伤,可能会导致频繁的拷贝数变化和染色体外核糖体DNA环的产生,这两者都与寿命的调节密切相关。在这里,我们综述了最近的进展,阐明了发生在核仁、核浆和核孔中的rDNA的多层修复过程。与核孔结合似乎是修复rDNA剩余损伤的最终策略。在这里,我们提出了核孔在母细胞和子细胞之间受损rDNA不对称分布的可能贡献,以及它对衰老/恢复的可能影响。
The ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) exist as tandem repeats in eukaryotes and are, therefore, highly unstable. Each rDNA unit includes a replication fork barrier site to avoid collisions between DNA replication forks and transcriptional machinery. However, because of this barrier, DNA double-strand breaks are induced at a relatively high frequency. If damage is repaired by the homologous recombination in rDNAs, it may result in frequent copy number changes and the production of extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA circles, both of which are closely linked to the regulation of lifespan. Here, we review recent progress in elucidating a multi-layered repair process of rDNA that occurs in the nucleolus, nucleoplasm and nuclear pores. Binding to nuclear pores appears to be the final strategy for repairing any remaining damage to the rDNA. Here, we propose the possible contribution of nuclear pores to the asymmetric distribution of damaged rDNA between mother and daughter cells as well as its possible impact on aging/rejuvenation.
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