Quantum computing for power systems: Tutorial, review, challenges, and prospects
Quantum computing for power systems: Tutorial, review, challenges, and prospects
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电力系统量子计算：教程、回顾、挑战和前景
DOI：
10.1016/j.epsr.2023.109530
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Tang, Wenyuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Hualong;Tang, Wenyuan
随着大量可再生能源接入电力系统，电力系统的运行、规划和优化变得越来越复杂。潮流计算、机组组合、经济调度、电价计算以及电力系统规划等问题本质上都是计算问题。这些问题需要大量的计算资源，这是不平凡的，特别是对于可再生能源高度渗透的大规模电力系统。传统上，电力系统的计算和优化是由基于经典计算理论和冯·诺依曼体系结构的经典计算机完成的。但随着摩尔定律越来越接近极限，量子计算的重要性也日益凸显。量子计算已在某些领域得到了一定程度的应用，但量子计算在电力系统中的应用却很少。由于电力行业是国民经济的基础，将量子计算引入电力系统具有深远而关键的意义，例如提高可再生能源的渗透率，提高计算效率，并有助于实现到2050年的净零和气候中和目标。本文首先介绍了量子计算的核心概念、基本思想和理论，然后回顾了量子计算在电力系统中应用的现有文献，并提出了我们对量子计算在电力系统中应用的批判性思考。简而言之，本文致力于针对电力系统专业人员的量子计算教程，并回顾其在电力系统中的应用。本文的主要贡献是：（1）将量子计算引入电力工程领域，系统地阐述了量子电路的分析方法，同时不失数学上的严谨性：（2）基于Dirac符号，详细推导了相关公式，并给出了复杂的原理图;（3）对量子计算在电力系统中应用的关键量子算法进行了深入的阐述和推导：（4）对量子计算在电力系统中应用的现有文献进行了批判性的总结和评述;（5）展望了量子计算在电力系统中的应用前景和面临的挑战。
As a large number of renewable energy resources are connected to power systems, the operation, planning, and optimization of power systems have been becoming more and more complex. Power flow calculation, unit commitment, economic dispatch, energy pricing, and power system planning are essentially computation problems. A lot of computing resources are required for these problems, which are non-trivial, especially for large-scale power systems with the high penetration of renewable energy. Traditionally, the calculation and optimization of power systems are completed by classical computers based on the classical computing theory and the von Neumann architecture. However, with Moore’s law getting closer and closer to the limit, the importance of quantum computing has become increasingly prominent. Quantum computing has been applied to some fields to a certain extent, yet the applications of quantum computing in power systems are rare. As the power industry is the foundation of the national economy, introducing quantum computing into the power system has far-reaching and crucial significance, such as improving the penetration of renewable energy, enhancing the computing efficiency, and helping in achieving the goal of net zero and climate neutrality by 2050. This paper first introduces the core concepts, essential ideas and theories of quantum computing, and then reviews the existing literature on the applications of quantum computing in power systems, and puts forward our critical thinking about the applications of quantum computing in power systems. In brief, this paper is dedicated to a tutorial on quantum computing targeting power system professionals and a review of its applications in power systems. The main contributions of this paper are: (1) introduce quantum computing into the field of power engineering in a thoroughly detailed way and delineate the analysis methodologies of quantum circuits systematically without losing mathematical rigor; (2) based on Dirac’s notation, the related formulae are derived meticulously with sophisticated schematic diagrams; (3) elaborate and derive some critical quantum algorithms in depth, which play an important role in the applications of quantum computing in power systems; (4) critically summarize and comment on the existing literature on the applications of quantum computing in power systems; (5) the future applications and challenges of quantum computing in power systems are prospected and remarked.
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