cAMP signaling microdomains and their observation by optical methods.

cAMP signaling microdomains and their observation by optical methods.
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cAMP信号微域及其通过光学方法观察。

DOI:
10.3389/fncel.2014.00350
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Maiellaro I
Maiellaro I
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Calebiro D;Maiellaro I

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第二信使环磷酸腺苷(CAMP)是许多激素和神经递质的主要细胞内介质,调节多种细胞功能,包括神经元的突触可塑性。虽然cAMP可以在胞浆中自由扩散,但越来越多的证据表明,cAMP在cAMP产生部位附近形成了cAMP梯度和微区,cAMP信号显然仍然受到限制。形成这种微域的机制正在进行深入的研究。基于荧光共振能量转移(FRET)的光学方法的发展,使人们能够以高时间和空间分辨率直接观察cAMP信号,在阐明这些微域的性质方面发挥了重要作用。在这里,我们将综述用于监测活细胞内cAMP和蛋白激酶A(PKA)信号的光学方法,并提供它们在神经元中的应用实例,并讨论关于cAMP/PKA微域形成的主要假说。
The second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a major intracellular mediator of many hormones and neurotransmitters and regulates a myriad of cell functions, including synaptic plasticity in neurons. Whereas cAMP can freely diffuse in the cytosol, a growing body of evidence suggests the formation of cAMP gradients and microdomains near the sites of cAMP production, where cAMP signals remain apparently confined. The mechanisms responsible for the formation of such microdomains are subject of intensive investigation. The development of optical methods based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), which allow a direct observation of cAMP signaling with high temporal and spatial resolution, is playing a fundamental role in elucidating the nature of such microdomains. Here, we will review the optical methods used for monitoring cAMP and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling in living cells, providing some examples of their application in neurons, and will discuss the major hypotheses on the formation of cAMP/PKA microdomains.
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