What could have been said? Alternatives and variability in pragmatic inferences

What could have been said? Alternatives and variability in pragmatic inferences
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DOI:
10.1016/j.jml.2024.104507
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发表时间:
2024
影响因子:
4.3
通讯作者:
Xiang, Ming
Xiang, Ming
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ronai, Eszter;Xiang, Ming

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最近在语用学中一个有影响力的实验发现是标量多样性:不同的词汇项在导致标量推理的可能性方面存在很大差异。例如,听众更有可能强化sometosome但不是all的含义,而不是从good推断好但不是优秀的意思。在本文中,我们解决了标量多样性背后的问题,并确定了两个不确定性来源:与相关替代方案的身份相关的不确定性,以及与排除这些替代方案的步骤相关的不确定性。在我们的实验中,我们利用正在讨论的问题来消除前者,并仅利用焦点粒子来消除后一种不确定性。我们的研究结果表明,这两种操作都使推理计算更有可能,但只有将它们结合起来时,标量多样性才会降至最低。为了定量表征观察到的变化(减少),本文采用相对熵的信息论测度。
A recent influential experimental finding in pragmatics is that ofscalar diversity: that different lexical items vary robustly in how likely they are to lead to scalar inference. For instance, hearers are much more likely to strengthen the meaning ofsometosome but not allthan to infergood but not excellentfromgood. In this paper, we address the question of what underlies scalar diversity and identify two sources of uncertainty: uncertainty associated with the identity of relevant alternatives, and uncertainty associated with the step of excluding those alternatives. In our experiments, we make use of the Question Under Discussion to eliminate the former, and of the focus particleonlyto eliminate the latter kind of uncertainty. Our findings show that both manipulations make inference calculation more likely, but only when they are combined is scalar diversity reduced to a minimum. In order to quantitatively characterize the observed (reduction in) variation, this paper adopts the information theoretic measure of relative entropy.
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DOI: 10.3765/plsa.v6i1.5001
发表时间: 2021
期刊: Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America
影响因子: --
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