The significance of cognitive modeling in building healthcare interfaces.
The significance of cognitive modeling in building healthcare interfaces.
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认知建模在构建医疗保健界面中的重要性。
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2005.06.003
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Turley,JamesP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson,ConstanceM;Turley,JamesP
背景虽然医疗信息系统没有被广泛采用的原因有很多，其中一个原因是没有考虑到用户的认知需求。目的了解护士和医生的认知需求，并确定这些需求如何影响医疗保健界面的设计。研究设计一项比较护士和医生如何理解病人信息的定性和定量研究。24名注册护士和24名内科或胃肠内科医生。方法每位临床医生回顾了两份模拟电子病历，并采用有声思考方案对病例进行总结。所有的语言都被编码为医学和概念信息。结果护士的平均召回率高于内科医生（p<0.001）。与护士相比，医生的推理、条件陈述和干预的平均比例有统计学意义（p<0.001）。护士专注于功能问题，而医生专注于诊断、治疗和管理。结论医师与护士的认知差异主要体现在执业模式的差异上。因此，医疗保健IT必须为每个规程开发单独的接口，以满足其独特的需求。
BACKGROUNDAlthough there are many reasons that widespread adoption of healthcare information systems has not transpired, one reason is a failure to take into account the cognitive needs of the users.AIMTo understand the cognitive needs of nurses and physicians and determine how these needs should influence the design of healthcare interfaces.DESIGN OF STUDYA qualitative and quantitative study that compares how nurses and physicians comprehend patient information.SETTINGTwenty-four registered nurses and twenty-four physicians working in the specialties of gastrointestinal or internal medicine.METHODSEach clinician reviewed two mock electronic medical records and summarized the cases using a think-aloud protocol. All verbalizations were coded for medical and conceptual information.RESULTSThe nurses included a larger mean proportion (p<0.001) of recalls than did the physicians. As compared to the nurses, the physicians included a statistically significant (p<0.001) larger mean proportion of inferences, conditional statements, and interventions. The nurses concentrated on functional problems, whereas the physicians focused on diagnosis, treatment, and management.CONCLUSIONThe main cognitive differences between the physicians and the nurses are explained through the differences in their practice models. Therefore, healthcare IT must develop separate interfaces for each discipline to address their unique needs.