Predator-induced stress makes the pesticide carbaryl more deadly to gray treefrog tadpoles (Hyla versicolor)
Predator-induced stress makes the pesticide carbaryl more deadly to gray treefrog tadpoles (Hyla versicolor)
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捕食者引起的压力使杀虫剂西维因对灰树蛙蝌蚪（Hyla versicolor）更加致命
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Nathan Mills
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Relyea;Nathan Mills
全球两栖动物数量的下降可能有多种原因，包括广泛使用杀虫剂。我们对农药对两栖动物影响的了解主要限于在高度人工条件下进行的短期(4-d)毒性试验，以确定致死浓度(LC_(50))。我们发现，如果我们使用稍微长一点的暴露时间(10-16d)，低浓度的西维因(3-4%的LC504-d)可以杀死10%-60%的灰树蛙(Hyla Versicolor)蝌蚪。如果也有捕食性的线索，杀虫剂的致命性会增加2-4倍，杀死60%-98%的蝌蚪。因此，在更现实的条件下，暴露时间增加和捕食性压力，西维因目前的施用量可能会潜在地破坏灰色树蛙的数量。此外，由于捕食者诱导的压力在动物中普遍存在，西维因的作用模式在许多杀虫剂中也是常见的，这些负面影响可能在自然界中广泛存在。
Global declines in amphibians likely have multiple causes, including widespread pesticide use. Our knowledge of pesticide effects on amphibians is largely limited to short-term (4-d) toxicity tests conducted under highly artificial conditions to determine lethal concentrations (LC50). We found that if we used slightly longer exposure times (10–16 d), low concentrations of the pesticide carbaryl (3–4% of LC504-d) killed 10–60% of gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor) tadpoles. If predatory cues also were present, the pesticide became 2–4 times more lethal, killing 60–98% of tadpoles. Thus, under more realistic conditions of increased exposure times and predatory stress, current application rates for carbaryl can potentially devastate gray treefrog populations. Further, because predator-induced stress is ubiquitous in animals and carbaryl's mode of action is common to many pesticides, these negative impacts may be widespread in nature.