Fear, anger, and risk.
Fear, anger, and risk.
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.81.1.146
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发表时间：
2001-07
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
J. Lerner;D. Keltner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Lerner;D. Keltner
作者借鉴了评估趋势框架（J. S. Lerner＆D。Keltner，2000年），并发现恐惧和愤怒对风险感知有相反的影响。令人恐惧的人表达了悲观的风险估计和规避风险的选择，而愤怒的人则表示乐观的风险估计和寻求风险的选择。这些相反的模式出现在自然发生和实验引起的恐惧和愤怒中。此外，对愤怒的人的估计比恐惧的人更像幸福的人。与预测一致，评估趋势涉及这些影响：确定性和控制的评估调节，并且（在控制的情况下）介导了情感效应。作为对将情感价与判断结果联系起来的研究的补充，本研究突出了研究特定情绪的多重好处。
Drawing on an appraisal-tendency framework (J. S. Lerner & D. Keltner, 2000), the authors predicted and found that fear and anger have opposite effects on risk perception. Whereas fearful people expressed pessimistic risk estimates and risk-averse choices, angry people expressed optimistic risk estimates and risk-seeking choices. These opposing patterns emerged for naturally occurring and experimentally induced fear and anger. Moreover, estimates of angry people more closely resembled those of happy people than those of fearful people. Consistent with predictions, appraisal tendencies accounted for these effects: Appraisals of certainty and control moderated and (in the case of control) mediated the emotion effects. As a complement to studies that link affective valence to judgment outcomes, the present studies highlight multiple benefits of studying specific emotions.