Transatlantic Translations
Transatlantic Translations
复制标题
跨大西洋翻译
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Julio Ortega
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Julio Ortega
1532年11月16日，星期六，当最后一位印加皇帝和来自西班牙埃斯特雷马杜拉的征服者在秘鲁的卡哈马卡相遇时，他们天壤之别，但他们有一个共同点：都不识字。在安第斯的流行文化和历史分析中，阿塔瓦尔帕和弗朗西斯科·皮萨罗仍然是那场可怕的世界碰撞的主角。在这场碰撞中，从厄瓜多尔延伸到阿根廷北部的印加帝国——塔万廷苏约（Tawantinsuyo）——最有权势的人，遇到了一位想要轻松发财的西班牙冒险家，他清楚地知道，这次相遇是他最后一次也是最好的机会。除了被称为quipus的彩色结的助记系统（用于记录人口数量和其他类型的数字计算）之外，印加人不知道书写。皮萨罗是一个富裕家庭的私生子，小时候当过猪倌。人们一再说，尽管他是文盲，但他属于“符号文明”，而阿塔瓦尔帕尽管有权力，却被谴责属于“口头文化”。然而，根据传说，在他被囚禁的几个月里，出于好奇，印加人学会了一些西班牙语单词，并在他的拇指指甲上写下了“Dios”（“上帝”）这个词。据说他把它拿给皮萨罗看，问他这是什么意思，却发现他的对手看不懂。从一个被判刑的人的牢房和他的惩罚地点，阿塔瓦尔帕参与了可能是第一次对卡斯蒂利亚语的批判性重新使用（加尔西拉索，《历史》1998；卷1，第33章）。
When the last Inca emperor and the conquistador from Extremadura, Spain, met in Cajamarca, Peru, on Saturday, 16 November 1532, a world separated them, but they had one thing in common: neither knew how to read. In Andean popular culture and historical analysis, Atahualpa and Francisco Pizarro remain the protagonists of that formidable collision of worlds, in which the most powerful man of the Tawantinsuyo, the Inca empire, which stretched from Ecuador to northern Argentina, confronted a Spanish adventurer who was seeking an easy fortune, well aware that this encounter was his last and greatest opportunity. Beyond a mnemonic system of colored knots called quipus, which registered population numbers and other types of numerical accounting, the Incas did not know writing. Pizarro was an illegitimate child from a rich family and apparently had been a swineherd as a boy. It has been repeated that despite his illiteracy, he belonged to the “civilization of the sign” while Atahualpa, despite his power, was condemned for belonging to “the culture of orality.” However, according to legend, during his months of prison, out of curiosity the Inca learned some Spanish words and wrote on the fingernail of his thumb the word Dios (“God”). It is said that he showed it to Pizarro, asking him what it meant, and found that his rival could not read it. From the prison cell of a condemned man and the site of his punishment, Atahualpa engaged in what might have been the first critical reappropriation of the Castilian language (Garcilaso, Historia 98; bk. 1, ch. 33).