Investigating the heat tolerance and production performance in local chicken breed having normal and dwarf size.
Investigating the heat tolerance and production performance in local chicken breed having normal and dwarf size.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.animal.2023.100707
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发表时间：
2023-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Nawaz;Shudai Lin;Fujian Wang;J. Zheng;Junli Sun;Weilu Zhang;Zhenhai Jiao;Zijing Zhu;L. An;Li Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Nawaz;Shudai Lin;Fujian Wang;J. Zheng;Junli Sun;Weilu Zhang;Zhenhai Jiao;Zijing Zhu;L. An;Li Zhang
热应激严重损害肉鸡的生长性能，每年给养殖业造成严重损失。因此，了解地方鸡种在这种环境下的表现对于解决热应激问题至关重要。本研究旨在研究热应激(HS)对正常黄鸡(NYC)和矮化黄鸡(DYC)生产性能、组织学、热休克反应(HSP70、HSP90)和肌肉生长相关基因(GHR、IGF-1、IGF-1R)的影响。每个品系的72只母鸡在正常环境条件下饲养至84天，每个品系的鸟被分成两组(HS组和对照组)。HS组每天在35℃±1℃的高温下饲养8 h，持续1周，对照组在28℃±1℃下饲养，91日龄时采集雏鸡的肝脏、下丘脑和胸肌组织，评价其基因表达、组织学变化和生产性能。饲养7天后，各处理组的采食量、增重率、总蛋白质摄入量和蛋白质效率均显著降低(P<；P；0.01)，胸肌率显著降低(P<；P；0.01)。相应地，不同处理和品系间的腹脂总量也有显著差异(P<；分别为0.01和0.05)。此外，HS还显著上调了两个品系鸡胸大肌HSP70和HSP90mRNA的表达，但对两个品系鸡的肝脏和下丘脑组织中HSP90mRNA的表达无显著影响(P<；P>0.05)。此外，HS还显著上调了NYC大鼠肝组织中成脂基因FASN、ACC的表达(P<；P<0.05)，而DYC大鼠肝组织中FASN、ACC基因的mRNA表达无明显变化。同样，HS下调肌肉生长相关基因(GHR、IGF-1和IGF-1R)的mRNA表达。因此，组织病理学分析表明，两个品系的鸡肝脏组织中均伴有炎性细胞的浸润，但NYC品系的组织病理学变化比矮小鸡品系更严重。综上所述，本研究描述了处理组和对照组之间的生产性能和生长速度有显著差异。然而，与对照组相比，DYC的热处理没有显示出显著的破坏性后果，这表明矮秆性状在耐热性中起着至关重要的作用。
Heat stress significantly impairs the growth performance of broilers, which causes serious losses to the poultry industry every year. Thus, understanding the performance of indigenous chicken breeds under such environment is crucial to address heat stress problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of heat stress (HS) on production performance, tissue histology, heat shock response (HSP70, HSP90), and muscle growth-related genes (GHR, IGF-1, and IGF-1R) of Normal yellow chicken (NYC) and Dwarf yellow chicken (DYC). Seventy-two female birds from each strain were raised under normal environmental conditions up to 84 days, with birds from each strain being divided into two groups (HS and control). In the HS group, birds were subjected to high temperature at 35 ± 1 °C for 8 h daily and lasted for a week, while in the control group, birds were raised at 28 ± 1 °C. At 91 days old, bird's liver, hypothalamus, and breast muscle tissues were collected to evaluate the gene expression, histological changes, and the production performance. The Feed intake, weight gain ratio, total protein intake and protein efficiency ratio showed a significant reduction in the treatments (P< 0.01) and treatment × strain interaction (P< 0.05) with breast muscle rate significantly reducing among the treatments (P< 0.01) after 7 days of HS. Correspondingly, total abdominal fat showed significant change among treatment and strain (P< 0.01,P< 0.05), respectively. Besides, HS markedly upregulated the mRNA expression ofHSP70andHSP90in the pectoralis major of both chicken strains, but no significant increase (P< 0.05) was found in mRNA expression ofHSP90in liver and hypothalamus tissues of both chicken strains. Moreover, HS significantly upregulated (P< 0.05) the expression of lipogenic genes (FASN, ACC) in liver tissues of NYC, while mRNA expression of these genes showed no variation in DYC. Similarly, HS downregulated the mRNA expression of muscle growth-related genes (GHR, IGF-1, and IGF-1R). Consequently, the histopathological analysis showed that histological changes were accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration in liver tissues of both chicken strains; however, histopathological changes were more severe in NYC than dwarf chicken strain. Conclusively, this study depicted that the production performance and growth rate varied significantly between treatment and control group of NYC. However, heat treatment in DYC has not shown significant damaging consequences as compared to the control group that signifies the vital role of the dwarf trait in thermal tolerance.