Explosive or effusive style of volcanic eruption determined by magma storage conditions

Explosive or effusive style of volcanic eruption determined by magma storage conditions
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由岩浆储存条件决定的火山喷发的爆发式或喷发式

DOI:
10.1038/s41561
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
18.3
通讯作者:
Huber, C
Huber, C
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Popa, Razvan-Gabriel;Bachmann, O.;Huber, C

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大多数火山都是喷发式和爆炸式的,爆炸行为是造成大多数人死亡的原因。喷发方式被认为是强烈控制的快速导管过程,限制了我们的预测能力。在这里,我们解决一个关键的问题,在寻求开发及时预测的喷发行为:是否有条件,在这种条件下,喷发的结果是预先确定的状态的岩浆在次火山水库?我们分析了来自世界各地火山的245个单位的喷发前储存条件。我们表明,喷发前的结晶度、溶解水含量和室内出溶挥发物的存在对喷发风格发挥着主要控制作用。岩浆在溶解水含量(~4-5.5重量%)和结晶度(小于30体积%)的明确范围内爆发。所有其他条件,即较高的结晶度、低于3.5重量%的溶解水含量以及与直觉相反的超过5.5重量%的溶解水含量,有利于溢出活性。在这些范围之间,有一个狭窄的领域的过渡存储性能,不区分喷发风格,并在管道发挥主要控制喷发行为。我们的研究结果表明,更好地估计次火山室的结晶度和含水量是预测喷发风格的关键。
Most volcanoes erupt both effusively and explosively, with explosive behaviour being responsible for most human fatalities. Eruption style is thought to be strongly controlled by fast conduit processes, limiting our ability for prediction. Here we address a critical question in the quest to develop timely forecasting of eruptive behaviour: are there conditions in which the outcome of an eruption is predetermined by the state of the magma in the subvolcanic reservoir? We analyse the pre-eruptive storage conditions of 245 units from volcanoes around the world. We show that pre-eruptive crystallinity, dissolved water content and the presence of exsolved volatiles in the chamber exert a primary control on eruptive styles. Magmas erupt explosively over a well-defined range in dissolved water content (~4–5.5 wt%) and crystallinity (less than 30 vol%). All other conditions, namely higher crystallinity, dissolved water contents below 3.5 wt% and, counterintuitively, in excess of 5.5 wt%, favour effusive activity. Between these ranges, there is a narrow field of transitional storage properties that do not discriminate between eruptive styles, and where the conduit exerts the main control on eruptive behaviour. Our findings suggest that better estimates of crystallinity and water content in subvolcanic chambers are key to forecasting eruptive style.
岩浆房中的水溶出有利于喷发:Cl-F 分配行为在 Nisyros-Yali 火山区的应用
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发表时间: 2021
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