Hypoglossal Motor Neuron Death Via Intralingual CTB-saporin (CTB-SAP) Injections Mimic Aspects of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Related to Dysphagia.

Hypoglossal Motor Neuron Death Via Intralingual CTB-saporin (CTB-SAP) Injections Mimic Aspects of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Related to Dysphagia.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.08.026
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发表时间:
2018-10-15
期刊:
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Nichols NL
Nichols NL
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lind LA;Murphy ER;Lever TE;Nichols NL

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肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种破坏性疾病,导致运动神经元和骨骼肌的变性,包括吞咽所需的那些。舌无力是ALS患者延髓功能障碍的最早体征之一,其归因于脑干中舌下神经核中的运动神经元变性,其轴突直接支配舌。尽管其根本的重要性,吞咽困难(吞咽困难)和策略,以保持吞咽功能很少在ALS模型中进行了研究。在ALS模型中研究吞咽困难是困难的,因为舌下神经运动神经元死亡发生的量和速率无法控制,并且变性不限于舌下神经核。在这里,我们报告了一种新的实验模型,使用舌内注射霍乱毒素B结合皂草素(CTB-SAP),以研究只有舌下运动神经元死亡的影响,而没有ALS模型中存在的许多并发症。在Sprague道利大鼠中,在舌内注射CTB-SAP(25 g)或未缀合的CTB和SAP(对照)到颏舌肌中后,评估舌下运动神经元存活、吞咽功能和舌下运动输出。与对照组相比,CTB-SAP给药大鼠在以下方面表现出显著(p≤0.05)缺陷:1)舔率(6.0±0.1 vs. 6.6±0.1 Hz; 2);舌下神经运动输出(0.3±0.05 vs. 0.6±0.10 mV);和3)舌下神经运动神经元存活(398±34 vs. 1018±41个神经元)。因此,这种新的,诱导型模型的舌下运动神经元死亡模仿吞咽困难的表型,在ALS啮齿动物模型中观察到的,并将使我们能够研究策略,以保持吞咽功能。
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating disease leading to degeneration of motor neurons and skeletal muscles, including those required for swallowing. Tongue weakness is one of the earliest signs of bulbar dysfunction in ALS, which is attributed to degeneration of motor neurons in the hypoglossal nucleus in the brainstem, the axons of which directly innervate the tongue. Despite its fundamental importance, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) and strategies to preserve swallowing function have seldom been studied in ALS models. It is difficult to study dysphagia in ALS models since the amount and rate at which hypoglossal motor neuron death occurs cannot be controlled, and degeneration is not limited to the hypoglossal nucleus. Here, we report a novel experimental model using intralingual injections of cholera toxin B conjugated to saporin (CTB-SAP) to study the impact of only hypoglossal motor neuron death without the many complications that are present in ALS models. Hypoglossal motor neuron survival, swallowing function, and hypoglossal motor output were assessed in Sprague Dawley rats after intralingual injection of either CTB-SAP (25 g) or unconjugated CTB and SAP (controls) into the genioglossus muscle. CTB-SAP treated rats exhibited significant (p≤0.05) deficits vs. controls in: 1) lick rate (6.0±0.1 vs. 6.6±0.1 Hz; 2); hypoglossal motor output (0.3±0.05 vs. 0.6±0.10 mV); and 3) hypoglossal motor neuron survival (398±34 vs. 1018±41 neurons). Thus, this novel, inducible model of hypoglossal motor neuron death mimics the dysphagia phenotype that is observed in ALS rodent models, and will allow us to study strategies to preserve swallowing function.
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