Effects of disuse on the structure and function of skeletal muscle.
Effects of disuse on the structure and function of skeletal muscle.
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DOI：
10.1249/00005768-198315050-00013
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发表时间：
1983
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
F. Booth;P. D. Gollnick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Booth;P. D. Gollnick
本文的目的是简要地回顾了肌肉使用减少对人类和动物骨骼肌的结构和功能的一些影响。宇航员在太空飞行后会出现肌肉力量下降的现象。在地球上，人类四肢的关节固定会导致肌肉质量、两种纤维类型的横截面积以及线粒体酶活性的损失。减少动物肌肉活动的方法也会导致肌肉萎缩。将肢体关节固定在肌肉保持小于静息长度的位置会导致慢肌萎缩。与这种萎缩相关的是肌节数量、纤维横截面积、蛋白质合成和肌肉对2-脱氧葡萄糖摄取的胰岛素反应性的减少。将动物悬挂在水平或头朝下的位置也是目前用于卸载肌肉和产生发育变化的方法。在未来，动物和人类模型应该确定当肌肉使用减少时导致肌肉功能下降的机制。
The purpose of this paper is to briefly review some of the effects of reduced muscle use on the structure and function of human and animal skeletal muscle. A loss in muscle strength has been observed in astronauts after space flight. On Earth joint fixation of human limbs results in losses in muscle mass, in the cross-sectional area of both fiber types, and in the activities of mitochondrial enzymes. Methods that reduce muscular activity of animals also produce muscle atrophy. Fixation of the limb joints in position where the muscles are maintained less than resting length results in an atrophy in slow-twitch muscle. Associated with this atrophy are decreases in sarcomere number, fiber cross-sectional area, protein synthesis, and insulin responsiveness for the uptake of 2-deoxyglucose by muscle. Suspension of animals in a horizontal or head-down position is also a method being used currently for unloading muscles and producing alterations in development. In the future, the animal and human model should identify the mechanisms responsible for a decrease in muscle function when the muscle undergoes a decrease in usage.