Visual search: A retrospective
Visual search: A retrospective
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DOI：
10.1167/11.5.14
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Eckstein, Miguel P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eckstein, Miguel P.
视觉搜索是人类和动物的一项重要任务，也已成为研究主动视觉和认知的许多核心主题的常用和重要工具，从空间视觉，注意力和视觉控制到记忆，决策和奖励。虽然视觉搜索对人类来说似乎毫不费力，但试图在机器中重现人类的视觉搜索能力对计算机科学家和工程师来说是一个令人难以置信的挑战。是什么样的大脑计算确保了成功的搜索？这篇综述文章借鉴了来自各个子领域的努力，并讨论了大脑用于优化视觉搜索的机制和策略：心理物理学证据，它们的神经相关性，以及神经计算的可能位点（如果未知）。机制和策略包括使用关于目标、干扰物、背景统计特性、位置概率、上下文线索、场景上下文、奖励、目标流行率的知识，以及显著性、搜索模板的中心-环绕组织和眼动计划的作用。我提供了经典和当代理论的概述内隐注意和眼睛运动在搜索解释他们的差异和相似之处。为了让读者能够将实验室的一些发现锚到现实世界的任务中，本文包括了对三位专家搜索者的采访：一位放射科医生，一位渔民和一位卫星图像分析师。
Visual search, a vital task for humans and animals, has also become a common and important tool for studying many topics central to active vision and cognition ranging from spatial vision, attention, and oculomotor control to memory, decision making, and rewards. While visual search often seems effortless to humans, trying to recreate human visual search abilities in machines has represented an incredible challenge for computer scientists and engineers. What are the brain computations that ensure successful search? This review article draws on efforts from various subfields and discusses the mechanisms and strategies the brain uses to optimize visual search: the psychophysical evidence, their neural correlates, and if unknown, possible loci of the neural computations. Mechanisms and strategies include use of knowledge about the target, distractor, background statistical properties, location probabilities, contextual cues, scene context, rewards, target prevalence, and also the role of saliency, center-surround organization of search templates, and eye movement plans. I provide overviews of classic and contemporary theories of covert attention and eye movements during search explaining their differences and similarities. To allow the reader to anchor some of the laboratory findings to real-world tasks, the article includes interviews with three expert searchers: a radiologist, a fisherman, and a satellite image analyst.