A physical dose estimates for A-bomb survivors. Studies at Oak Ridge, U.S.A.
A physical dose estimates for A-bomb survivors. Studies at Oak Ridge, U.S.A.
复制标题
原子弹爆炸幸存者的物理剂量估计。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1975
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
J. Auxier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Auxier
自20世纪50年代中期以来，橡树岭国家实验室一直在进行研究，确定广岛和长崎原子弹爆炸幸存者的辐射照射量。日本在武器试验和实验室进行了一系列广泛的实验，并进行了全面的计算，以得出“空气剂量”分布和屏蔽因子。为了便于均质组织圆柱体，计算了人体组织的吸收剂量，目前正在研究非均质、拟人配置中的剂量分布。由于在广岛上空引爆的装置在轰炸之前或之后从未进行过试射，因此最大的困难与该装置辐射量的正常化有关。然而，经过几年的研究，“空气剂量”曲线的精度为2 15%的广岛和2 10%的长崎。随后，在这两个城市的典型住宅的屏蔽系数被确定到一个可比的精度。继续开展的工作侧重于获得高度屏蔽幸存者的屏蔽系数、目前位于美国的幸存者的剂量以及更全面的深度剂量分布。
The radiation exposures for the survivors of the nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki have been determined in the course of studies conducted since the mid-1950’s at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. An extensive series of experiments in Japan, at weapons tests, and in the laboratory were supported by a comprehensive calculational effort to produce the “air dose” distributions and the shielding factors. The absorbed doses to tissues of the body have been calculated for the ease of homogeneous tissue cylinders, and studies of dose distribution in heterogeneous, anthropomorphic configurations are under way. Because the device detonated over Hiroshima was never test fired before or after the bombing, the greatest difficulties were associated with the normalization of the radiation yield of this device. However, after several years of study, the “air dose” curves were obtained to an accuracy of 2 15% for Hiroshima and 2 10% for Nagasaki. Subsequently, the shielding factors for typical dwellings in both cities were determined to a comparable accuracy. Continuing work is focused on obtaining shielding factors for the heavily shielded survivors, the doses to survivors who are now located in the United States and more comprehensive depth dose distributions.