Rolling stones gather moss: movement and longevity of moss balls on an Alaskan glacier

Rolling stones gather moss: movement and longevity of moss balls on an Alaskan glacier
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滚石聚集苔藓:阿拉斯加冰川上苔藓球的运动和寿命

DOI:
10.1007/s00300-020-02675-6
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
1.7
通讯作者:
Gilbert, Sophie L.
Gilbert, Sophie L.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hotaling, Scott;Bartholomaus, Timothy C.;Gilbert, Sophie L.

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冰川支持着主要由微生物组成的多种生态系统。然而,在更大的宏观尺度上,冰川苔藓球(有时被称为“冰川老鼠”)可以从冰表面的杂质中发育出来,代表了一种相对罕见的生物现象。这些由泥土和苔藓组成的卵形团块只在一些冰川表面发现,为无脊椎动物的定居提供了关键的栖息地。然而,尽管它们的发展和存在被广泛报道,但没有对它们的运动和持续时间进行研究。当考虑到冰川苔藓球可能代表冰川上可行的长期生物栖息地的程度时,这种知识差距尤其重要,这些栖息地可能具有自己的生态演替动态。在这里,我们描述了美国阿拉斯加中南部根冰川上冰川苔藓球的运动和持久性。我们发现,冰川苔藓球以群状的方式每天平均移动2.5厘米,最初向南移动,后来向西南移动,它们的移动与冰川消融呈正相关。令人惊讶的是,苔藓球的优势运动方向与盛行风或下坡方向不一致,也与太阳辐射的优势方向不一致。在达到成熟大小后,冰川苔藓球会持续许多年,可能超过6年。最后,我们观察到根冰川上的苔藓球形成发生在nunatak下风的一个狭窄的、低反照率的条纹中,这是苔藓孢子和/或细颗粒沉积物的潜在关键来源,它们相互作用促进了它们的形成。
Glaciers support diverse ecosystems that are largely comprised of microbial life. However, at larger, macroscopic scales, glacier moss balls (sometimes called “glacier mice”) can develop from impurities on ice surfaces and represent a relatively rare biological phenomenon. These ovoid-shaped conglomerations of dirt and moss are only found on some glacier surfaces and provide key habitats for invertebrate colonization. Yet, despite their development and presence being widely reported, no studies of their movement and persistence across years have been conducted. This knowledge gap is particularly important when considering the degree to which glacier moss balls may represent viable, long-term biotic habitats on glaciers, perhaps complete with their own ecological succession dynamics. Here, we describe the movement and persistence of glacier moss balls on the Root Glacier in southcentral Alaska, USA. We show that glacier moss balls move an average of 2.5 cm per day in herd-like fashion initially to the south and later towards the southwest, and their movements are positively correlated with glacier ablation. Surprisingly, the dominant moss ball movement direction does not align with the prevailing wind or downslope directions, nor with the dominant direction of solar radiation. After attaining a mature size, glacier moss balls persist for many years, likely in excess of 6 years. Finally, we observed moss ball formation on the Root Glacier to occur within a narrow, low albedo stripe downwind of a nunatak, a potential key source of moss spores and/or fine-grained sediment that interact to promote their formation.
阿拉斯加阿姆奇特卡岛上的独立苔藓柱
DOI: --
发表时间: 1966
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
H. T. Shacklette
通讯作者: H. T. Shacklette
阿拉斯加吉尔基冰川上的苔藓 Drepanocladus berggrenii 的 Polsters
DOI: --
发表时间: 1972
期刊:
影响因子: --
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C. Heusser
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冰川上的大型无脊椎动物:陆地食物网的关键资源?
DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2947
发表时间: 2019
期刊: Ecology
影响因子: 4.8
作者:
S. Hotaling;P. Wimberger;Joanna L. Kelley;H. Watts
通讯作者: H. Watts
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01758.x
发表时间: 2009-04-01
影响因子: 11.6
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通讯作者: Sattler, Birgit
DOI: 10.1657/aaar0015-042
发表时间: 2016-02-01
影响因子: 2
作者:
Dial, Roman J.;Becker, Melissa;Shain, Daniel H.
通讯作者: Shain, Daniel H.