Extracellular matrix adaptation of tendon and skeletal muscle to exercise
Extracellular matrix adaptation of tendon and skeletal muscle to exercise
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00549.x
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发表时间：
2006-04-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Langberg, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kjær, M;Magnusson, P;Langberg, H
结缔组织的细胞外基质（ECM）能够与其他组织连接，并且在肌腱、韧带、骨和肌肉中的力传递和组织结构维持中起关键作用。ECM营业额受身体活动的影响，胶原蛋白合成和金属蛋白酶活性随着机械负荷增加。这可以通过微透析测定前肽和蛋白酶活性，以及通过验证活检中注入的稳定同位素氨基酸的掺入来显示。运动后，ECM的生长因子如IGF-1、TGF-β和IL-6的局部组织表达和释放增强。对于肌腱，运动后代谢活动（例如通过正电子发射断层扫描检测）、循环反应（例如通过近红外光谱和染料稀释测量）和胶原蛋白周转显著增加。肌腱血流量由环氧合酶-2（考克斯-2）介导的途径调节，葡萄糖摄取由肌腱中不同于骨骼肌的特定途径调节。以体育训练形式的慢性负荷导致胶原蛋白周转增加以及一定程度的净胶原蛋白合成。这些变化改变了组织的机械性能和粘弹性特征，降低了其应力敏感性，并可能使其更耐负荷。在给定的人类肌腱内，肌腱束的力学特性不同，甚至显示出性别差异。后者得到了与运动激活胶原合成的性别相关差异的研究结果的支持。这些发现可能为理解肌腱和骨骼肌的组织过载和损伤提供基础。
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissues enables linking to other tissues, and plays a key role in force transmission and tissue structure maintenance in tendons, ligaments, bone and muscle. ECM turnover is influenced by physical activity, and both collagen synthesis and metalloprotease activity increase with mechanical loading. This can be shown by determining propeptide and proteinase activity by microdialysis, as well as by verifying the incorporation of infused stable isotope amino acids in biopsies. Local tissue expression and release of growth factors for ECM such as IGF-1, TGF-beta and IL-6 is enhanced following exercise. For tendons, metabolic activity (e.g. detected by positron emission tomography scanning), circulatory responses (e.g. as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy and dye dilution) and collagen turnover are markedly increased after exercise. Tendon blood flow is regulated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-mediated pathways, and glucose uptake is regulated by specific pathways in tendons that differ from those in skeletal muscle. Chronic loading in the form of physical training leads both to increased collagen turnover as well as to some degree of net collagen synthesis. These changes modify the mechanical properties and the viscoelastic characteristics of the tissue, decrease its stress-susceptibility and probably make it more load-resistant. The mechanical properties of tendon fascicles vary within a given human tendon, and even show gender differences. The latter is supported by findings of gender-related differences in the activation of collagen synthesis with exercise. These findings may provide the basis for understanding tissue overloading and injury in both tendons and skeletal muscle.