Choice and constraint in the burial landscape: re-evaluating twentieth-century commemoration in the English churchyard
Choice and constraint in the burial landscape: re-evaluating twentieth-century commemoration in the English churchyard
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墓地景观的选择与约束：重新评估二十世纪英国墓地的纪念活动
DOI：
10.1080/13576275.2013.819322
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Rugg J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rugg J
世纪的死亡通常是根据大规模的轨迹和元叙事来定义的，这些轨迹和元叙事被认为反映了人们对死亡的态度的变化。事实上，很少有历史研究，集中在“典型”和国内的死亡率和丧葬实践的经验。假设世纪的特点是“脱离”，并不包括周围的纪念活动的证据。当代的记录表明，对许多家庭来说，去墓地是例行公事，仍然是表达损失的中心。然而，20世纪的墓葬景观因其明显的单调和缺乏情感参与而受到严厉批评。本研究以一个简单的代理概念来探讨现代墓葬景观中的选择与约束问题。这项研究的重点是20世纪50年代末约克教区决定对教堂墓地纪念碑的风格、材料和规模实行严格规定后的紧张局势。这些规定的目的是防止竖立被认为不适合古代教堂环境的纪念碑，主要是一种保护措施。然而，许多家庭认为这些规定不适当地限制了他们认为合适的纪念碑的选择。研究表明，由此产生的景观构成了一个人工构建的农村墓地的形象，其中机构已被有效地抑制。因此，现代教堂墓地景观不应被用作社会对死亡率感到不安的证据。总的来说，这篇论文表明，世纪的死亡研究往往不去寻找葬礼实践中的主动代理和选择的证据，这本身就强化了这样一种观点，即20世纪世纪的死亡可以以脱离为典型。
Death in the twentieth century is generally defined in terms of large-scale trajectories and meta-narratives that are presumed to reflect changing attitudes towards mortality. In actuality, there is very little historical research that concentrates on the ‘typical’ and domestic experiences of mortality and funerary practice. The assumption that the century can be characterised in terms of ‘disengagement’ does not encompass evidence around commemorative practices. Contemporary accounts indicate that visits to the cemetery were routine for many families and remained central to expressions of loss. However, the twentieth-century burial landscape has been castigated for its apparent monotony and lack of emotional engagement. This study uses a simple conception of agency to consider the issue of choice and constraint in the modern burial landscape. The study focuses on the tensions that followed the decision by the Diocese of York in the late 1950s to introduce stringent regulations on the style, material and scale of monuments in churchyards. These regulations were intended to prevent the erection of monuments that were regarded as inappropriate to the setting of ancient churches, and were largely a conservation measure. However, many families regarded the regulations as unduly constraining the choice of monument they deemed to be fitting. The study indicates that the resultant landscape constitutes an artificially constructed image of a rural churchyard, in which agency has been effectively suppressed. As a consequence, the modern churchyard landscape should not be used as evidence for societal unease with mortality. Overall, the paper suggests that studies of death in the twentieth century have tended not to seek evidence of active agency and choice in funerary practice, which in itself reinforces the view that death in the twentieth century can be typified by disengagement.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
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期刊：
影响因子：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
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Agatha Herman
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
1997
期刊：
Medicina e historia
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作者：
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