The use of psychedelic agents with autistic schizophrenic children.
The use of psychedelic agents with autistic schizophrenic children.
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对自闭症精神分裂症儿童使用致幻剂。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1969
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Aldrich Rw
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mogar Re;Aldrich Rw
近年来，有许多探索性调查报道，涉及给患有严重心理障碍的幼儿服用致幻剂（Abramson, 1960； Bender等，1962；Bender等，1963；Fisher和Castile, 1963； Freedman等，1962；Rolo等，1965；Simmons等，1966）。无论是治疗性的还是实验性的，这些研究都是极其零碎的，存在着严重的缺陷。作为一个恰当的例子，在已知影响药物反应和治疗效果的主要方面的广泛多样性是这项工作的特点。这些因素包括所使用的药物、剂量水平、给药次数和频率、治疗师的期望和以前使用迷幻药的经验，最后是药物诱导状态的环境和环境。就患者特征而言，接受治疗的儿童在人口统计学上各不相同，涵盖了广泛的年龄范围。更重要的是，这些样本在模态症状的性质、严重程度和持续时间方面具有明显的异质性。主要的实验缺陷包括样本小，药物作用和改善的主观和模糊的标准，以及严重不足的随访。尽管它们的多样性和严重的局限性，这些在一个极其复杂的研究领域的开创性探索似乎值得更广泛的报道文学和比迄今为止得到的更认真的关注。这些报告几乎无一例外地出现在不知名的出版物上或未发表。致幻剂相对被忽视的一个更重要的原因是围绕致幻剂的两极分化的争议，这几乎完全限制了公共批准的研究。在这篇对严重失调儿童使用致幻剂的评论中，迄今为止进行的各种研究将被全面审查和整合。将特别注意它们在已知的有关方面的相似点和不同点，以便发现共性和不一致结论的可能原因。虽然将尝试解决看似矛盾的结果，但将强调这项工作的启发式价值，而不是其结论性。希望从这些初步努力中得出的初步结论将为更明确地研究致幻剂对儿童疾病的治疗效果指明道路。
In recent years, a number of exploratory investigations have been reported involving the administration of psychedelic agents to young children suffering from severe forms of psychological disturbance (Abramson, 1960; Bender, et al., 1962; Bender, et al., 1963; Fisher & Castile, 1963; Freedman, et al., 1962; Rolo, et al., 1965; Simmons, et al., 1966). As either therapeutic or experimental undertakings, these studies are extremely fragmentary and suffer gross shortcomings. As a case in point, wide diversity along major dimensions known to influence drug response and treatment effectiveness characterize this work. These include the agent employed, dosage level, number and frequency of administrations, therapist expectations and previous experience with psychedelic drugs, and finally the setting and circumstances surrounding the drug-induced state. With regard to patient characteristics, the children treated were demographically varied and covered a broad age range. More importantly, the samples were markedly heterogeneous with respect to the nature, severity, and duration of modal symptoms. The major experimental shortcomings included small samples, subjective and vague criteria of drug effects and improvement, and grossly inadequate follow-up. Despite their diversity and severe limitations, these seminal explorations in an extremely complex area of research seem worthy of wider reportage and more serious attention than they have hitherto received. Almost without exception, these reports have appeared in obscure publications or remain unpublished. A more significant reason for their relative neglect has been the polarized controversy surrounding psychedelic agents which has all but completely curtailed publicly-sanctioned research. In this critique of the use of psychedelic agents with severely disturbed children, the various studies conducted thus far will be comprehensively reviewed and integrated. Particular attention will be given to their similarities and differences along known relevant dimensions in order to detect communalities and possible reasons for inconsistent findings. While some attempt will be made to resolve seemingly contradictory results, the heuristic value of this work will be emphasized rather than its conclusiveness . Hopefully, the tentative conclusions derived from these initial efforts will point the way for more definitive studies into the therapeutic efficacy of psychedelic agents with childhood disorders.