Are Foraging Patterns in Humans Related to Working Memory and Inhibitory Control?
Are Foraging Patterns in Humans Related to Working Memory and Inhibitory Control?
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DOI：
10.1111/jpr.12152
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Thornton, Ian M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Johannesson, Omar I.;Kristjansson, Arni;Thornton, Ian M.
在之前的研究中，我们已经表明人类的觅食模式似乎受到注意力的限制。然而，我们也注意到觅食能力存在明显的个体差异，有些个体在觅食过程中显然可以记住多个目标模板。在这里，我们检查这种个体差异是否与更一般的工作记忆能力和/或抑制启动反应或优势反应的能力有关。我们有三个主要目标。首先，复制注意力受限的觅食的一般模式。其次，验证某些人似乎不受此类限制的影响。第三，研究个体觅食方式与数字跨度任务测量的工作记忆能力和斯特鲁普任务测量的抑制控制之间可能的联系。总之，我们重复了这一发现，即觅食目标是由单个特征还是特征组合定义的，觅食差异很大，但也再次发现，一些观察者在两种条件下的觅食方面几乎没有差异，似乎在搜索模板之间轻松切换。相比之下，工作记忆和斯特鲁普表现都不是觅食模式个体差异的可靠预测因素。我们讨论了这些发现对视觉注意力理论的影响。
In previous studies we have shown that human foraging patterns appear to be constrained by attention. However, we also noted clear individual differences in foraging ability, where some individuals can apparently keep more than one target template in mind during foraging. Here, we examine whether such individual differences relate to more general working memory capacity and/or the ability to inhibit a primed, or prepotent response. We had three main goals. First, to replicate general patterns of attention-constrained foraging. Second, to verify that some individuals appear immune to such constraints. Third, to investigate a possible link between individual foraging style and working memory abilities measured on a digit-span task and inhibitory control measured with a Stroop task. In sum, we replicated the finding that foraging differs greatly by whether foraging targets are defined by a single feature or a conjunction of features, but also again found that some observers show little differences in foraging between the two conditions, seemingly shifting with ease between search templates. In contrast, neither working memory nor Stroop performance were reliable predictors of these individual differences in foraging pattern. We discuss the implications of the findings for theories of visual attention.