The 2001 national household travel survey: A look into the travel patterns of older Americans
The 2001 national household travel survey: A look into the travel patterns of older Americans
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jsr.2003.10.001
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Giesbrecht, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Collia, DV;Sharp, J;Giesbrecht, L
引言：本文的主要目的是突出2001年全国家庭旅行调查（NHTS）中描述的美国老年人的旅行模式。NHTS是由交通统计局和联邦公路管理局赞助的国家数据收集计划。这是第一次对日常旅行和长途旅行进行的全国性综合家庭调查，可以对美国人个人旅行的完整连续体进行分析。为了更好地了解美国老年人的交通需求，研究不同年龄组的旅行模式有何不同是很有用的。目的是展示老年人（65岁以上）的基本旅行特征，并与年轻人（19-64岁）进行比较。美国老年人与旅行相关的特征：2001年的调查结果显示，美国老年人与年轻人一样经常旅行，对私家车的依赖程度也很高。美国老年人89%的出行都是乘坐私家车。老年人日常出行特征：老年人出行次数较少，出行距离较短，出行时间较短，流动性较差。这种情况在老年妇女中更为明显。他们也更有可能患上自我报告的疾病，这进一步限制了他们的旅行。老年人长途旅行的特点：老年男性和老年女性长途旅行的频率大致相同，并且强烈倾向于使用私家车。而且，尽管男性和女性乘坐飞机的比例相等，但年长的女性更喜欢乘坐巴士旅行。结论：尽管年长的美国人经常旅行，但他们的流动性比年轻人要低。这种模式在老年妇女和那些自我报告患有影响其外出旅行能力的疾病的妇女中更为明显。年龄较大的女性每天的出行次数最少，驾车率最低，出行距离最短，而且更有可能报告有限制出行的医疗状况。对于那些不得不放弃开车的男男女女来说，其他交通工具就变得必不可少了。然而，替代交通工具的使用率相对较低；除私家车和步行外，所有其他交通工具约占每日交通量的2%。此外，在那些因医疗原因影响出行的人中，只有约12%的人使用诸如叫车服务等特殊交通服务。(C) 2003年国家安全委员会和爱思唯尔科学有限公司版权所有。
Introduction: The main objective of this paper is to highlight travel patterns of older adults living in the United States as depicted in the 2001 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS). The NHTS is a national data collection program sponsored by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics and the Federal Highway Administration. It is the first national comprehensive household survey of both daily and long-distance travel, allowing for analysis of the full continuum of personal travel by Americans. To better understand the transportation needs of older Americans, it is useful to examine how travel patterns differ across age groups. The intent is to present basic travel characteristics of older adults (age 65+) and allow for comparisons with younger adults (ages 19-64). Travel-related characteristics of older adults in the United States: Results of the 2001 survey showed that older Americans travel extensively and rely on personal vehicles as heavily as their younger counterparts. Older Americans conduct 89% of their travel in personal vehicles. Characteristics of daily trips taken by older adults: Older adults tend to be less mobile in that they take fewer trips, travel shorter distances, and have shorter travel times. This pattern is even more pronounced among older women. They are also more likely to suffer from self-reported medical conditions that further limit their travel. Characteristics of long-distance travel by older adults: Older men and women take long-distance trips at about the same rates and show a strong preference for using personal vehicles. And, while men and women take an equal percentage of their trips by air, older women show a strong preference for bus travel. Conclusions: Although older Americans travel extensively, they are less mobile than their younger counterparts. This pattern is more pronounced among older women and among those with self-reported medical conditions that affect their ability to travel outside their home. Older women consistently take the least number of trips per day, have the lowest driving rates, travel the shortest distances, and are more likely to report medical conditions that limit their travel. For men and women who have to give up driving, alternative means of transportation becomes a necessity. Yet, use of alternative transportation is relatively low; excluding personal vehicle and walking, all other means of transportation account for about 2% of daily travel. Further, of those with medical conditions that affect their travel, only about 12% use special transportation services such as dial-a-ride. (C) 2003 National Safety Council and Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.