Thoracic temperature, shivering, and flight in the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus (L.)
Thoracic temperature, shivering, and flight in the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus (L.)
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帝王蝶 Danaus plexippus (L.) 的胸部温度、颤抖和飞行
DOI：
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发表时间：
1970
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Kammer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Kammer
帝王蝶(Danaus plexippus(L.))表现出一种热身行为，其特征是小幅拍打翅膀。在颤抖和固定飞行期间，胸部温度是通过插入胸腔的小珠状热敏电阻测量的。在15-16°C的环境温度下，一旦开始颤抖，胸腔温度的最大上升速度为1.3°C/分钟，并产生比环境温度高4.0°C的胸腔温度(表1)。在这些低环境温度下的固定飞行会导致类似的胸部温度上升速度，并产生类似的温度过剩(图3)。在22至35摄氏度的环境温度下，开始飞行的动物的胸部温度上升速度更快，为3.6摄氏度/分钟，并达到更大的过剩摄氏7.9摄氏度(图4)。动物在固定飞行中的翼拍频率随着胸温的升高而增加(图2)。在没有太阳直接辐射的情况下，飞行前通常会在较低的环境温度(13-17摄氏度)下颤抖，由此导致的胸部温度的上升使帝王蝶能够在这种凉爽的温度下飞行。
SummaryMonarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus (L.), display a warm-up behavior characterized by wingstrokes of small amplitude. Thoracic temperature during this shivering and during fixed flight was measured by means of a smallbead thermistor inserted into the thorax. At ambient temperatures of 15–16°C, once shivering is initiated the thoracic temperature rises at a maximum rate of 1.3°C/min, and a thoracic temperature 4.0°C greater then ambient is produced (Table 1). Fixed flight at these low ambient temperatures results in a similar rate of increase in thoracic temperature, and a similar temperature excess is produced (Fig. 3). At ambient temperatures between 22 and 35°C the thoracic temperature of an animal starting to fly rises at a faster rate, 3.6°C/min, and reaches a greater excess, 7.9°C (Fig. 4). The wingbeat frequency of animals in fixed flight increases with increasing thoracic temperature (Fig. 2). In the absence of direct solar radiation, shivering typically occurs prior to flight at low ambient temperatures (13–17°C), and the resulting increase in thoracic temperature allows monarch butterflies to fly at these cool temperatures.