Lipid extraction from wheat flour using supercritical fluid extraction
Lipid extraction from wheat flour using supercritical fluid extraction
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DOI：
10.1094/cchem.2004.81.6.693
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发表时间：
2004-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Chung, OK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hubbard, JD;Downing, JM;Chung, OK
环境问题，有害废物的处置成本，以及在当前的方法中提取所需的时间，促使我们开发一种替代方法来分析小麦面粉脂质。用二氧化碳进行的超临界流体萃取（SFE）提供了该介质，并且该方法是全自动的。采用超临界流体萃取技术从4-5g小麦粉中提取粗脂肪或非淀粉游离脂质。为了开发SFE的最佳条件，尝试了各种提取压力、温度和改性剂体积，以提供一种方法，该方法将产生与使用石油醚作为溶剂的AACC批准的索氏方法和AOCS官方对接方法提取的脂质相当的量。使用几种小麦粉样品，最佳条件为12.0体积%乙醇（10.8摩尔%），在7,500 psi和80 ℃下提取FL的量与AACC和AOCS方法相似。使用固相萃取，脂质被分离成非极性脂质（NL），糖脂（GL），和磷脂（PL）馏分。5种面粉的平均值分别为1.15%（粉重）、1.07%（Butt法）和1.01%（Soxhlet法）。SFE提取的脂质含有较少的NL和更多的GL比无论是Butt或索氏方法。所有三种方法提取的脂质具有定性相似的组分。SFE相对于Soxhlet或Butt方法的总体益处是增加了在给定时间内分析的样品数量，降低了分析成本，并减少了对有毒化学品的暴露。
Environmental concerns, the disposal cost of hazardous waste, and the time required for extraction in current methods encouraged us to develop an alternate method for analysis of wheat flour lipids. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide has provided that medium and the method is fully automatic. Crude fats or nonstarch free lipids (FL) were extracted from 4-5 g of wheat flour by an SFE system. To develop optimum conditions for SFE, various extraction pressures, temperatures, and modifier volumes were tried to provide a method that would produce an amount of lipids comparable to those extracted by the AACC Approved Soxhlet Method and the AOCS Official Butt Method using petroleum ether as solvent. Using several wheat flour samples, the best conditions were 12.0 vol% ethanol (10.8 mol%) at 7,500 psi and 80degreesC to extract the amount of FL similar to those by the AACC and AOCS methods. Using solid-phase extraction, lipids were separated into nonpolar lipid (NL), glycolipid (GL), and phospholipid (PL) fractions. The mean value of five flours was 1.15% (flour weight, db) by the SFE method, 1.07% by the Butt method, and 1.01% by the Soxhlet methhod. The SFE-extracted lipids contained less NL and more GL than either the Butt or Soxhlet methods. All three methods extracted lipids with qualitatively similar components. The overall benefit for SFE over the Soxhlet or Butt methods was to increase the number of samples analyzed in a given time, reduce the cost of analysis, and reduce exposure to toxic chemicals.