How far from Chaco to Orayvi? Quantifying inequality among Pueblo households
How far from Chaco to Orayvi? Quantifying inequality among Pueblo households
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaa.2019.101073
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发表时间：
2019-09-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Cameron, Catherine M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ellyson, Laura J.;Kohler, Timothy A.;Cameron, Catherine M.
最近基于建筑面积分布的家庭不平等研究表明，在西班牙裔前的美国西南部高地，财富的分布在时间和空间上存在显着差异。在这项研究中，我们首先研究了奥拉维家庭之间的不平等。为了了解不平等模式的背景，我们随后报告了 Basketrnaker II-Pueblo III 时期梅萨维德中部地区、圣胡安中部地区、查科峡谷和楚斯卡山谷的普韦布洛祖先家庭。在 1906 年分裂之前的奥拉维，不平等程度相对较低，符合园艺社会的典型价值观。奥拉维的大多数不平等现象发生在家庭之间，而不是氏族和胞族之间，尽管氏族之间的财富差异比胞族、派别或我们研究的其他群体更为明显。普韦布洛祖先的财富不平等程度随时间变化很大，主要在普韦布洛 II 时期超过了奥赖维的计算水平。在我们在查科记录到的财富差距显着增加之前，楚斯卡山谷和中圣胡安地区的财富差距就已经超过了奥赖维，这表明这些地区的人口可能参与了查科峡谷早期大房屋建设的发展。
Recent studies of household inequality based on the distribution of floor area indicate that the distribution of wealth varied significantly across time and space in the prehispanic upland US Southwest. In this study, we first examine inequality among households from Orayvi ca. 1901 to contextualize the patterns of inequality we then report among ancestral Pueblo households in the Basketrnaker II-Pueblo III periods from the central Mesa Verde region, middle San Juan region, Chaco Canyon, and the Chuska Valley. At Orayvi just prior to the 1906 split, inequality was relatively low, in line with values typical for horticultural societies. Most inequality at Orayvi was among households rather than among clans and phratries, though clans were more wealth-differentiated than were phratries, factions, or other groups we examined. Degree of ancestral Pueblo wealth inequality varied considerably through time, with levels exceeding those calculated for Orayvi primarily during the Pueblo II period. Wealth disparities exceeding those at Orayvi arose in the Chuska Valley and Middle San Juan regions prior to the marked increase we document at Chaco, suggesting that populations from these areas may have been involved in the development of early great house construction at Chaco Canyon.