From Right to Wrong: A Critique of the 2000 Uniform Parentage Act
From Right to Wrong: A Critique of the 2000 Uniform Parentage Act
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从对到错：对 2000 年《统一亲子关系法》的批评
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.928683
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. P. Byrn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. P. Byrn
1973年，全国统一州法律委员会（英语：National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws）提出了一项《统一亲子关系法》（Uniform Parentage Act，UPA），旨在通过消除婚姻子女和非婚姻子女之间的法律的区别，平等对待所有儿童。1973年的UPA展示了会议的进步思想，并导致该国每个州的亲子关系法发生了类似的变化。2000年，该会议颁布了一项新的《统一亲子关系法》，其中包括确定通过辅助生殖技术受孕的儿童的亲子关系的广泛规定。然而，与1973年的《儿童保护法》不同，该法并不试图平等对待所有儿童。相反，2000年的UPA使成千上万的通过ART受孕的同性夫妇所生的孩子处于情感和经济上的弱势地位，因为他们只有一个法律的父母。本文分析了科学进步，社会运动，和最高法院的先例，说服会议承认双方的非婚子女在1973年UPA的父母，并认为，类似的科学进步，社会运动，和最高法院的先例存在，以支持承认双方的孩子的父母通过ART受孕和出生的同性伴侣在2000年UPA。1973年，面对这些论点，裁谈会作出了一个大胆的-并最终获得压倒性成功的-选择。然而，在2000年，该会议作出了一项短视的决定，提出了一项示范法，未能解决全国各地面临这些儿童亲子关系确定的法院和州的需要。
In 1973, the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (the Conference) proposed a Uniform Parentage Act (UPA) that sought to treat all children equally by removing the legal distinction between marital and nonmarital children. The 1973 UPA demonstrated the progressive thinking of the Conference and led to similar changes in the parentage laws of every state in the country. In 2000, the Conference promulgated a new Uniform Parentage Act that includes broad provisions for determining parentage of children conceived through assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Unlike the 1973 UPA, however, this Act does not attempt to treat all children equally. Instead, the 2000 UPA leaves thousands of children conceived via ART and born to same-sex couples in the emotionally and financially vulnerable position of having only one legal parent. This article analyzes the scientific advancements, social movements, and Supreme Court precedent that convinced the Conference to recognize both parents of nonmarital children in the 1973 UPA and argues that similar scientific advancements, social movements, and Supreme Court precedent existed in support of recognizing both parents of children conceived through ART and born to same-sex couples in the 2000 UPA. When faced with these arguments in 1973, the Conference made a bold - and ultimately overwhelmingly successful - choice. In 2000, however, the Conference made a short-sighted decision and proffered a model act that fails to address the needs of courts and states facing parentage determinations for these children throughout the country.