Bergmann's rule and the mammal fauna of northern North America
Bergmann's rule and the mammal fauna of northern North America
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0906-7590.2004.03999.x
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发表时间：
2004-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Hawkins, BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blackburn, TM;Hawkins, BA
他说：“总的来说，较大的物种生活在更远的北方，较小的物种生活在更远的南方。然而，为什么动物的体重可能会显示出这种空间变化，以及它是否是动物聚集的一般特征，目前还不清楚。我们讨论了这种不确定性的原因，并使用我们的结论，直接分析伯格曼规则的哺乳动物在北方北美，在社区的物种占领地区，被冰覆盖在末次冰期最大。首先，我们测试在这个组合的存在伯格曼的规则，并调查是否小，大体型的物种表现出不同的空间格局的身体大小的变化。然后，我们试图解释的空间变化的环境变化，并评估我们的分析，以占空间格局所产生的残差，从我们的环境模型。最后，我们使用这些模型的结果来测试不同的假设，提出了解释伯格曼规则的预测。伯格曼的规则得到了有力的支持。小型和大型物种都表现出这一规律。我们的环境模型占大多数的平均值，最小值和最大体重在这个组合的空间变化。我们的研究结果证伪了与迁移能力和随机殖民和多样化有关的假设的预测，但支持与热保存和耐饥饿性有关的假设的预测。
The observation that "on the whole... larger species live farther north and the smaller ones farther south" was first published by Carl Bergmann in 1847. However, why animal body mass might show such spatial variation, and indeed whether it is a general feature of animal assemblages, is currently unclear. We discuss reasons for this uncertainty, and use Our conclusions to direct an analysis of Bergmann's rule in the mammals in northern North America, in the communities of species occupying areas that were covered by ice at the last glacial maximum. First, we test for the existence of Bergmann's rule in this assemblage, and investigate whether small- and large-bodied species show different spatial patterns of body size variation. We then attempt to explain the spatial variation in terms of environmental variation, and evaluate the adequacy of our analyses to account for the spatial pattern using the residuals arising from our environmental models. Finally, we use the results of these models to test predictions of different hypotheses proposed to account for Bergmann's rule. Bergmann's rule is strongly supported. Both small- and large-bodied species exhibit the rule. Our environmental models account for most of the spatial variation in mean, minimum and maximum body mass in this assemblage. Our results falsify predictions of hypotheses relating to migration ability and random colonisation and diversification, but support predictions of hypotheses relating to both heat conservation and starvation resistance.