The reaction norm of size and age at maturity under multiple predator risk
The reaction norm of size and age at maturity under multiple predator risk
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01703.x
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Dennis, Stuart R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beckerman, Andrew P.;Rodgers, Gwendolen M.;Dennis, Stuart R.
P>1。两个主要的理论支撑我们对捕食风险如何塑造生命史的理解。第一个是围绕捕食者引起的活动变化，随后减少食物摄入，从而增长。第二个是围绕大小选择，捕食者诱导的发展变化。在这里，我们挑战这些理论，使用实验和概率模型的成熟反应规范，研究捕食者诱导的生活史蚤面对两种不同的捕食者.本研究将联合收割机的反应规范研究与生长速率、发育速率、换羽次数和换羽持续时间的测定相结合，揭示了捕食者诱导的生活史可塑性的控制机制。蚤状蚤面对大小体型的选择性捕食者.概率反应规范揭示捕食者的具体规范的反应，在大小和年龄沿着食物梯度。鱼线索减少年龄和大小，年龄的偏见，并通过减少换羽数量和持续时间。摇蚊线索增加年龄和大小，在大小的偏见，这样做的早期生长速率的精细尺度调制.这些数据有助于发展一个统一的观点，捕食风险如何从多个捕食者形状的生活史进化。
P>1. Two major theories underpin our understanding of how predation risk shapes life history. The first is centred around predator induced changes in activity that subsequently reduce food intake and thus growth. The second is centred around size selective, predator induced changes in development.2. Here, we challenge these theories using experiments and probabilistic models of maturation reaction norms to investigate predator induced life history in the water flea Daphnia pulex facing two different predators.3. We combine this reaction norm investigation with an assessment of growth rate, development rate, moult number and moult duration to uncover the mechanisms controlling predator induced life history plasticity when D. pulex face either large or small size selective predators.4. The probabilistic reaction norms reveal predator specific norms of reaction in size and age along a food gradient. Fish cues reduce age and size, with a bias in age, and do so by reducing moult number and duration. Midge cues increase age and size, with a bias in size, and do so by fine scale modulation of early growth rates.5. These data contribute towards developing a unified view of how predation risk from multiple predators shapes life history evolution.