Parasites Sustain and Enhance RNA-Like Replicators through Spatial Self-Organisation.
Parasites Sustain and Enhance RNA-Like Replicators through Spatial Self-Organisation.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004902
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发表时间：
2016-04
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Hogeweg P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Colizzi ES;Hogeweg P
在益生元RNA世界中，寄生行为可能是有利的，因为模板依赖性复制发生在反式中，因此是利他的。已知空间扩展系统可以减少寄生虫的有害影响。在这里，我们提出了一个空间系统，以显示复制的进化是（间接）增强强寄生虫，我们解释的相变，导致这种模式的进化。基于这种分析的见解，我们确定了两种情况，即周期性中断和较长的复制时间跨度，在这种情况下，物种形成和进化的寄生虫样谱系使复制器的复制率的进化增加。最后，我们表明，寄生虫与复制子共同进化的选择变得更弱，即更差的复制模板时，复制的持续时间增加。我们的结论是，寄生虫可能不会被认为是一个问题的进化在一个益生元系统，但自由度，可以利用进化，以提高进化的复制因子，通过紧急水平的选择。RNA世界是细胞生命之前的一个进化阶段。在这个世界里，RNA分子既可以复制其他RNA，又可以作为复制的模板。这个世界的一个已知的进化问题是，选择应该有利于不复制其他模板的寄生模板，因为它们会被复制得最多。这个问题的一个可能的解决方案来自空间自组织：寄生虫的局部积累导致它们自己的局部灭绝，这为复制者入侵留下了空的空间。我们发现，相互作用的复制子和寄生虫产生的空间组织设置（空间）条件，增强复制酶的活性时，寄生虫更强。此外，我们发现，复制因子和寄生虫的共同进化受到它们形成的空间模式类型的严重限制，我们探索了进化和自组织之间的这种反馈。我们的结论是，空间自组织可能发挥了突出的作用，在前生物进化。
In a prebiotic RNA world, parasitic behaviour may be favoured because template dependent replication happens in trans, thus being altruistic. Spatially extended systems are known to reduce harmful effects of parasites. Here we present a spatial system to show that evolution of replication is (indirectly) enhanced by strong parasites, and we characterise the phase transition that leads to this mode of evolution. Building on the insights of this analysis, we identify two scenarios, namely periodic disruptions and longer replication time-span, in which speciation occurs and an evolved parasite-like lineage enables the evolutionary increase of replication rates in replicators. Finally, we show that parasites co-evolving with replicators are selected to become weaker, i.e. worse templates for replication when the duration of replication is increased. We conclude that parasites may not be considered a problem for evolution in a prebiotic system, but a degree of freedom that can be exploited by evolution to enhance the evolvability of replicators, by means of emergent levels of selection. The RNA world is a stage of evolution that preceded cellular life. In this world, RNA molecules would both replicate other RNAs and behave as templates for replication. A known evolutionary problem of this world is that selection should favour parasitic templates that do not replicate others, because they would be replicated the most. A possible solution to this problem comes from spatial self-organisation: local accumulation of parasites lead to their own local extinction, which leaves empty space for replicators to invade. We show that the spatial organisation generated by interacting replicators and parasites sets the (spatial) conditions that enhance replicase activity when parasites are stronger. Moreover, we find that the co-evolution of replicators and parasites is severely constrained by the type of spatial patterns they form, and we explore this feedback between evolution and self-organisation. We conclude that spatial self-organisation may have played a prominent role in prebiotic evolution.