Embryonic exposure to environmentally relevant levels of tributyltin affects embryonic tributyltin bioaccumulation and the physiological responses of juveniles in cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis)
Embryonic exposure to environmentally relevant levels of tributyltin affects embryonic tributyltin bioaccumulation and the physiological responses of juveniles in cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114894
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发表时间：
2023-04-13
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Jiang, Xiamin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jiang, Maowang;Zhang, Zihan;Jiang, Xiamin
三丁基锡（TBT）是一种典型的有机污染物，在过去的几十年里被广泛用作防污杀菌剂。尽管人们越来越认识到TBT对水生物种的严重负面影响，但关于TBT暴露对头足类动物胚胎发育和幼鱼生理性能影响的研究却很少。为了研究TBT对法老棕乌贼从胚胎到孵化的持续毒性影响，将胚胎（原肠期，受精后3-5 h）暴露于4种水平的TBT，分别为0（对照）、30（环境水平）、60和120 ng/L。随后，在孵化后15天内评估幼鱼的生长性能终点和行为改变。30 ng/L的TBT暴露显著降低了鸡蛋的孵化率，加速了胚胎发育（即过早孵化）。同时，tbt诱导的胚胎形态改变主要包括卵黄囊裂解、胚胎畸形和色素分布不均匀。在胚胎发育的前中期，根据TBT在卵室的积累和分布模式，蛋壳是保护胚胎免受30-60 ng/L TBT暴露的有效屏障。然而，即使在胚胎发育期间暴露于环境相关水平（30 ng/L）的TBT也会对幼鱼的行为和生长产生负面影响，包括生长减慢、进食时间缩短、导致更多不规则运动和增加墨汁时间。这些发现表明，暴露于TBT后，对法老沙蚕从胚胎到孵化的发育的长期负面影响持续存在，这表明从法老沙蚕胚胎到孵化的长期毒性作用持续存在。
Tributyltin (TBT) is a typical organic pollutant that persists in aquatic sediments due to its wide usage as an antifouling fungicide during the past few decades. Despite increased awareness of the serious negative conse-quences of TBT on aquatic species, studies on the effects of TBT exposure on cephalopod embryonic development and juvenile physiological performance are scarce. To investigate the lasting effects of TBT toxicity on Sepia pharaonis from embryo to hatchling, embryos (gastrula stage, 3-5 h post fertilization) were exposed to four levels of TBT until hatching: 0 (control), 30 (environmental level), 60, and 120 ng/L. Subsequently, juvenile growth performance endpoints and behavioral alterations were assessed over 15 days post-hatching. Egg hatchability was significantly reduced and embryonic development (i.e., premature hatching) was accelerated in response to 30 ng/L TBT exposure. Meanwhile, TBT-induced alterations in embryonic morphology primarily included yolk -sac lysis, embryonic malformations, and uneven pigment distributions. During the pre-middle stage of embryonic development, the eggshell serves as an effective barrier to safeguard the embryo from exposure to 30-60 ng/L TBT, according to patterns of TBT accumulation and distribution in the egg compartment. However, even environmental relevant levels of TBT (30 ng/L) exposure during embryonic development had a negative impact on juvenile behavior and growth, including slowing growth, shortening eating times, causing more irregular movements, and increasing inking times. These findings indicate that after TBT exposure, negative long-lasting effects on S. pharaonis development from embryo to hatchling persist, suggesting that long-lasting toxic effects endure from S. pharaonis embryos to hatchlings.