Viroimmunotherapy of Thoracic Cancers.
Viroimmunotherapy of Thoracic Cancers.
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DOI：
10.3390/biomedicines5010002
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发表时间：
2017-01-04
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Patel MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dash AS;Patel MR
包括非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）、小细胞肺癌（SCLC）和恶性胸膜间皮瘤（MM）在内的胸部癌症是全球癌症死亡率最高的癌症。这些死亡大多是由非小细胞肺癌引起的；然而，其他两种疾病的预后仍然是所有癌症中最差的。免疫治疗的最新进展，特别是免疫检查点抑制剂，已经开始帮助一小部分晚期肺癌患者。对这些免疫疗法有反应的人通常会有持久的反应，许多人的疾病会急剧减少。然而，对免疫疗法的反应仍然相对较低。因此，目前正在加紧研究，合理开发联合疗法，以扩大对免疫疗法有反应并从中受益的患者范围。一种很有前景的方法是溶瘤病毒。这些溶瘤病毒（OVs）被发现对癌细胞具有选择性或被设计成优先感染和杀死癌细胞。在不同胸腔肿瘤的临床前模型中，已经发现这些病毒可以诱导免疫原性细胞死亡，增加进入肿瘤微环境的免疫介质的数量，扩大新抗原特异性T细胞反应。我们将在此回顾有关应用病毒疗法增强胸部肿瘤免疫反应的文献。
Thoracic cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MM), cause the highest rate of cancer mortality worldwide. Most of these deaths are as a result of NSCLC; however, prognoses for the other two diseases remain as some of the poorest of any cancers. Recent advances in immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors, have begun to help a small population of patients with advanced lung cancer. People who respond to these immune therapies generally have a durable response and many see dramatic decreases in their disease. However, response to immune therapies remains relatively low. Therefore, intense research is now underway to rationally develop combination therapies to expand the range of patients who will respond to and benefit from immune therapy. One promising approach is with oncolytic viruses. These oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been found to be selective for or have been engineered to preferentially infect and kill cancer cells. In pre-clinical models of different thoracic cancers, it has been found that these viruses can induce immunogenic cell death, increase the number of immune mediators brought into the tumor microenvironment and broaden the neoantigen-specific T cell response. We will review here the literature regarding the application of virotherapy toward augmenting immune responses in thoracic cancers.