Inactivation Mechanism and Efficacy of Grape Seed Extract for Human Norovirus Surrogate
Inactivation Mechanism and Efficacy of Grape Seed Extract for Human Norovirus Surrogate
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葡萄籽提取物对人诺如病毒替代品的灭活机制及功效
DOI：
10.1128/aem.02247-21
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发表时间：
2021-12
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Chamteut Oh;Ratul Chowdhury;Laxmicharan Samineni;J. Shisler;Manish Kumar;T. Nguyen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chamteut Oh;Ratul Chowdhury;Laxmicharan Samineni;J. Shisler;Manish Kumar;T. Nguyen
人类诺如病毒是主要的食物和水传播病原体，在发展中国家和发达国家引起约20%的急性胃肠炎病例。在研制出可靠的疫苗之前，适当的卫生或消毒是最大限度地减少人类诺如病毒引起的疾病的关键策略。摘要对收获的食物和水进行适当的消毒是减少传染病的关键。葡萄籽提取物（GSE）是一种常用的健康补充剂，是植物来源的多酚的混合物。多酚具有抗微生物和抗真菌特性，但抗病毒作用并不为人所知。在这里，我们表明GSE优于化学消毒剂（例如，游离氯和过氧乙酸）灭活杜兰病毒（一种人类诺如病毒替代物）。GSE诱导病毒聚集，这是一个与病毒滴度降低相关的过程。这种聚集和消毒是不可逆的。分子对接模拟表明，多酚可能与病毒衣壳蛋白中的特定残基形成氢键和强疏水相互作用。总之，这些数据表明多酚与病毒衣壳蛋白物理结合以聚集病毒作为抑制病毒进入宿主细胞的手段。GSE等植物多酚是化学消毒剂的一种有吸引力的替代品，可以从水或食物中去除传染性病毒。人类诺如病毒是主要的食物和水传播病原体，在发展中国家和发达国家，约20%的急性胃肠炎病例由人类诺如病毒引起。在研制出可靠的疫苗之前，适当的卫生或消毒是最大限度地减少人类诺如病毒引起的疾病的关键策略。葡萄籽提取物（GSE）是一种植物来源的多酚混合物，用作健康补充剂。已知多酚具有抗微生物、抗真菌和抗病毒膜活性，但抗病毒作用尚不清楚。在这里提出的研究中，植物来源的多酚优于化学消毒剂（即，游离氯和过氧乙酸）灭活杜兰病毒（一种人类诺如病毒替代物）。基于来自分子测定和分子对接模拟的数据，目前的模型是GSE中的多酚与杜兰病毒衣壳结合，这是触发病毒体聚集的事件。据认为，这种聚集阻止了杜兰病毒进入宿主细胞。
Human noroviruses are major food- and waterborne pathogens, causing approximately 20% of all cases of acute gastroenteritis cases in developing and developed countries. Proper sanitation or disinfection are critical strategies to minimize human norovirus-caused disease until a reliable vaccine is created. ABSTRACT Proper disinfection of harvested food and water is critical to minimize infectious disease. Grape seed extract (GSE), a commonly used health supplement, is a mixture of plant-derived polyphenols. Polyphenols possess antimicrobial and antifungal properties, but antiviral effects are not well-known. Here we show that GSE outperformed chemical disinfectants (e.g., free chlorine and peracetic acids) in inactivating Tulane virus, a human norovirus surrogate. GSE induced virus aggregation, a process that correlated with a decrease in virus titers. This aggregation and disinfection were not reversible. Molecular docking simulations indicate that polyphenols potentially formed hydrogen bonds and strong hydrophobic interactions with specific residues in viral capsid proteins. Together, these data suggest that polyphenols physically associate with viral capsid proteins to aggregate viruses as a means to inhibit virus entry into the host cell. Plant-based polyphenols like GSE are an attractive alternative to chemical disinfectants to remove infectious viruses from water or food. IMPORTANCE Human noroviruses are major food- and waterborne pathogens, causing approximately 20% of all cases of acute gastroenteritis cases in developing and developed countries. Proper sanitation or disinfection are critical strategies to minimize human norovirus-caused disease until a reliable vaccine is created. Grape seed extract (GSE) is a mixture of plant-derived polyphenols used as a health supplement. Polyphenols are known for antimicrobial, antifungal, and antibiofilm activities, but antiviral effects are not well-known. In studies presented here, plant-derived polyphenols outperformed chemical disinfectants (i.e., free chlorine and peracetic acids) in inactivating Tulane virus, a human norovirus surrogate. Based on data from molecular assays and molecular docking simulations, the current model is that the polyphenols in GSE bind to the Tulane virus capsid, an event that triggers virion aggregation. It is thought that this aggregation prevents Tulane virus from entering host cells.