Motor control in the epaxial musculature of bluegill sunfish in feeding and locomotion
Motor control in the epaxial musculature of bluegill sunfish in feeding and locomotion
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.242903
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发表时间：
2021-11-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Brainerd, Elizabeth L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jimenez, Yordano E.;Brainerd, Elizabeth L.
鱼类拥有令人印象深刻的进食和运动行为，在许多情况下依赖于同一个动力源：轴向肌肉组织。由于这两种功能使用不同的骨骼系统，头部与身体，整合这些功能可能需要模块化的运动控制。虽然已经有许多关于鱼类摄食或运动的运动控制的研究，但迄今为止只有一项研究在同一个体中检查了这两种功能。为了表征双侧运动控制的轴上肌肉组织的摄食和运动，我们测量肌肉活动和缩短蓝鳃太阳鱼（Lepomis macrochirus）使用肌电图和sonomicrometry。我们发现，翻车鱼招募轴上区域的背腹侧的方式，以提高摄食性能，这样，高性能的喂养激活所有轴上肌肉组织。相比之下，翻车鱼似乎激活所有三个轴上区域，而不管运动性能。肌肉活动存在于身体的两侧，几乎所有的进食和运动行为。进食行为在身体两侧使用相似的激活强度，而运动行为在经历肌肉缩短的一侧始终使用较高的强度。在所有的轴上区域，快速启动使用最高的激活强度，虽然高性能的吸吮偶尔表现出接近最大的强度。最后，主动肌肉体积与摄食和运动中的身体屈曲峰值速率呈正相关。这表明招聘与业绩之间存在持续的关系。这些结果与最近的工作大嘴鲈鱼（Micropterus salmoides）的比较表明，centrarchid鱼类使用类似的电机控制策略的喂养，但种间差异的峰值吸食性能是由活跃的肌肉体积。
Fishes possess an impressive repertoire of feeding and locomotor behaviors that in many cases rely on the same power source: the axial musculature. As both functions employ different skeletal systems, head versus body, integrating these functions would likely require modular motor control. Although there have been many studies of motor control in feeding or locomotion in fishes, only one study to date has examined both functions in the same individuals. To characterize bilateral motor control of the epaxial musculature in feeding and locomotion, we measured muscle activity and shortening in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) using electromyography and sonomicrometry. We found that sunfish recruit epaxial regions in a dorsal-to-ventral manner to increase feeding performance, such that high-performance feeding activates all the epaxial musculature. In comparison, sunfish seemed to activate all three epaxial regions irrespective of locomotor performance. Muscle activity was present on both sides of the body in nearly all feeding and locomotor behaviors. Feeding behaviors used similar activation intensities on the two sides of the body, whereas locomotor behaviors consistently used higher intensities on the side undergoing muscle shortening. In all epaxial regions, fast-starts used the highest activation intensities, although high-performance suction feeding occasionally showed near-maximal intensity. Finally, active muscle volume was positively correlated with the peak rate of body flexion in feeding and locomotion. indicating a continuous relationship between recruitment and performance. A comparison of these results with recent work on largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) suggests that centrarchid fishes use similar motor control strategies for feeding, but interspecific differences in peak suction-feeding performance are determined by active muscle volume.