Influences of Catalyst Formulation and Poisoning on the Activity and Die-Off of Low Temperature Shift Catalysts
Influences of Catalyst Formulation and Poisoning on the Activity and Die-Off of Low Temperature Shift Catalysts
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催化剂配方和中毒对低温变换催化剂活性和死亡的影响
DOI：
10.1021/i260036a016
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发表时间：
1970
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
John S. Campbell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
John S. Campbell
在过去的十年中，铜催化剂在低温变换反应中的应用在氢和氨合成气生产中得到了广泛的应用。这使工厂操作员普遍意识到催化剂死化的问题。死光是两个因素的结果：热烧结，可以减少，在某些情况下，通过正确的催化剂配方方法消除；以及由气流中携带的硫和氯等小浓度杂质引起的中毒。概述了催化剂制造方法对后续活性和稳定性的重要性；使用配方良好的催化剂，而不是未经处理的催化剂，中毒是商业规模上失去活性的主要原因。用一种市售催化剂考察了反应动力学，并提出了设计方程。在没有扩散限制的情况下，催化剂的活性与铜的面积成正比，初始活性随着铜含量的增加而增加。讨论了在蒸汽中使用氢还原催化剂。
The use of copper catalysts for the low temperature shift reaction has become much more widespread in the last decade in hydrogen and ammonia synthesis gas production. This has led to a general awareness among plant operators of the problem of catalyst die-off. Die-off is shown to be the consequence of two factors: thermal sintering, which can be reducedand, in some cases, eliminated by correct catalyst formulation methods; and poisoning by small concentrations of impurities such as sulfur and chlorine, carried in the gas stream. The importance of the method of catalyst manufacture on subsequent activity and stability is outlined; with a well-formulated catalyst, not maltreated, poisoning is the major cause of loss of activity on the commercial scale. The reaction kinetics, using a commercially available catalyst, have been examined and a design equation is proposed. The activity of the catalyst, in the absence of a diffusion limitation, is directly proportional to thecopper area and initial activity increases with increasing copper content. The use of hydrogen in steam for reduction ofthe catalyst is discussed.