Rapid Mapping of Dissolved Methane and Carbon Dioxide in Coastal Ecosystems Using the ChemYak Autonomous Surface Vehicle
Rapid Mapping of Dissolved Methane and Carbon Dioxide in Coastal Ecosystems Using the ChemYak Autonomous Surface Vehicle
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.8b04190
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发表时间：
2018-11-20
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Monk, Samuel A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nicholson, David P.;Michel, Anna P. M.;Monk, Samuel A.
沿海生态系统的初级生产力水平很高，导致水和沉积物中的元素循环异常活跃。在这种环境中，碳的快速循环导致高速率的有机物埋藏和/或高速率的大气损失，并以简单的形式，如二氧化碳（CO2）和甲烷（CH 4）横向到沿海海洋。为了更好地了解这些异质环境中的碳循环，需要超越离散样本收集和分析的新技术来表征空间和时间变异性。在这里，我们描述了ChemYak，一个自主的表面车辆配备了一套原位传感器，开发实现大空间尺度的化学映射这些环境。溶解的甲烷和二氧化碳通过耦合到气体提取单元的激光光谱仪测量，用于在操作期间连续定量。燃气动力飞行器能够快速测量海岸系统，在超过10 km h（-1）的运行速度下续航时间长达10 h。在这里，我们展示了它的能力，空间分布的CO2，CH 4，氧气和硝酸盐在整个新英格兰盐沼河口。
Coastal ecosystems host high levels of primary productivity leading to exceptionally dynamic elemental cycling in both water and sediments. In such environments, carbon is rapidly cycled leading to high rates of burial as organic matter and/or high rates of loss to the atmosphere and laterally to the coastal ocean in simpler forms, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). To better understand carbon cycling across these heterogeneous environments, new technologies beyond discrete sample collection and analysis are needed to characterize spatial and temporal variability. Here, we describe the ChemYak, an autonomous surface vehicle outfitted with a suite of in situ sensors, developed to achieve large spatial scale chemical mapping of these environments. Dissolved methane and carbon dioxide are measured by a laser spectrometer coupled to a gas extraction unit for continuous quantification during operation. The gas-powered vehicle is capable of rapidly surveying the coastal system with an endurance of up to 10 h at operating speeds in excess of 10 km h(-1). Here, we demonstrate its ability to spatially characterize distributions of CO2, CH4, oxygen, and nitrate throughout a New England saltmarsh estuary.