Organized variability in the neuromuscular system: a survey of task-related adaptations.
Organized variability in the neuromuscular system: a survey of task-related adaptations.
复制标题
神经肌肉系统的组织变异性：任务相关适应的调查。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
D. Kernell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Kernell
这一调查涉及神经肌肉系统的生理学，作为在单个哺乳动物肢体肌肉及其运动神经元（MNs）的水平上研究。特别关注的是脊髓MNs的性质和组织适应肌肉（单位）力控制的方式。这些问题的讨论关系到：a)系统的一般和基本任务：通过MN活性的速率和招募调节机制提供平稳和精细分级的力量。b)与以下方面有关的具体外围要求的分级问题：(i)不同值班时间的任务（即与疲劳和耐力有关的问题）；（二）不同速度的任务；（iii）使用不同肌肉长度的任务；（四）需要不同调整收益的任务。c)神经肌肉系统在其运动任务长期变化时的适应特性。这些问题与研究神经肌肉系统对不同模式的慢性电刺激的反应的实验有很大的关系。d)神经肌肉系统在单个单向肌肉水平上用于不同运动程序的方式。本文总结了显示MN招募模式存在任务相关变化的证据，并指出这种变化可能与各自MN的椎管内地形有关。这表明，这些任务相关的MN招募行为的变化可能在很大程度上反映了负责执行不同运动程序的脊髓间神经元系统组织的地形（和其他）差异。
This survey concerns the physiology of the neuromuscular system, as studied at the level of the single mammalian limb muscle and its motoneurones (MNs). Particular attention is devoted to the ways in which the properties and the organization of spinal MNs are adapted for the control of muscle (unit) force. These questions are discussed in relation to: a) The general and basic task of the system: providing a smooth and finely gradeable force by the mechanisms of rate- and recruitment-modulation of MN activity. b) Gradation problems in relation to specific peripheral requirements in connection with: (i) tasks of different duty-time (i.e. problems related to fatigue and endurance); (ii) tasks of different speed; (iii) task using different muscle lengths; (iv) tasks requiring different adjustment-gains. c) The adaptational properties of the neuromuscular system as it is subjected to long-term changes in its motor tasks. These matters are largely discussed in relation to experiments for studying the responses of the neuromuscular system to different patterns of chronic electrical stimulation. d) The manner in which the neuromuscular system, at the level of a single unidirectional muscle, is used for different motor programs. Evidence is summarized which shows the presence of task-related variations in MN recruitment patterns, and it is pointed out that such variations may be related to the intraspinal topography of the respective MNs. It is suggested that these task-related variations in MN recruitment behaviour might largely reflect topographic (and other) differences in the organization of spinal interneuronal systems responsible for the execution of different motor programs.