Integrated view of plant metabolic defense with particular focus on chewing herbivores
Integrated view of plant metabolic defense with particular focus on chewing herbivores
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植物代谢防御的综合观点，特别关注咀嚼食草动物
DOI：
10.1111/jipb.13204
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Galis Ivan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wari David;Aboshi Takako;Shinya Tomonori;Galis Ivan
植物的成功很大程度上取决于它们抵御食草动物的能力。自从第一批贪婪的消费者出现以来，植物不断调整其结构和化学性质，以避免灭绝。食草动物对植物防御的适应进一步加速了这种持续的压力，这共同引发了一个由目前在植物中发现的数千种特殊代谢物组成的化学帝国的崛起。植物界的代谢多样性确实令人惊叹，尽管许多植物代谢物已被识别，但植物生物资源中仍有大量潜在有用的化学物质尚未开发。同样，植物代谢物的生物合成途径涉及许多酶，其中一些仍有待鉴定和生化表征。此外，控制植物专门代谢中的基因表达和酶活性的调节机制还鲜为人知。最后，对植物防御化学物质如何对食草动物发挥毒性和/或驱避作用的理解仍然仅限于典型例子，例如蛋白酶抑制剂、含氰化合物和尼古丁。在这篇综述中，我们试图总结植物代谢防御的现状，这主要基于对植物与咀嚼食草动物相互作用的普遍例子的调查。
Success of plants largely depends on their ability to defend against herbivores. Since emergence of the first voracious consumers, plants maintained adapting their structures and chemistry to escape from extinction. The constant pressure was further accelerated by adaptation of herbivores to plant defenses, which all together sparked the rise of a chemical empire comprised of thousands of specialized metabolites currently found in plants. Metabolic diversity in the plant kingdom is truly amazing, and although many plant metabolites have already been identified, a large number of potentially useful chemicals remain unexplored in plant bio‐resources. Similarly, biosynthetic routes for plant metabolites involve many enzymes, some of which still wait for identification and biochemical characterization. Moreover, regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression and enzyme activities in specialized metabolism of plants are scarcely known. Finally, understanding of how plant defense chemicals exert their toxicity and/or repellency against herbivores remains limited to typical examples, such as proteinase inhibitors, cyanogenic compounds and nicotine. In this review, we attempt summarizing the current status quo in metabolic defense of plants that is predominantly based on the survey of ubiquitous examples of plant interactions with chewing herbivores.