On the Origin of Brucellosis in Bison of Yellowstone National Park: A Review
On the Origin of Brucellosis in Bison of Yellowstone National Park: A Review
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黄石国家公园野牛布鲁氏菌病的起源：综述
DOI：
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Meyer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Meagher;M. Meyer
由流产布鲁氏菌引起的布鲁氏菌病发生在黄石国家公园和伍德布法罗国家公园的自由放养的野牛（Bison bison）以及大黄石地区的麋鹿（Cervus elaphus）中。由于全国范围内的牛布鲁氏菌病根除计划，国家公园附近的州和省被认为没有牛布鲁氏菌病。因此，人们越来越关注这些地区的野生动物，将其视为向牛传播病毒的潜在宿主。由于国家公园被规定为自然区域，因此有人提出流产布鲁氏菌对于野牛来说是内源性还是外源性的问题，特别是对于黄石国家公园而言。我们综合了不同的调查线索，包括野牛和布鲁氏菌的进化历史、作为布鲁氏菌宿主的野生动物、生化和遗传信息、宿主和生物体的行为特征以及地区历史，以便对国家公园管理局的问题进行评估。所有的调查都表明，这种生物体是通过牛引入北美的，而黄石野牛可能是在 1917 年之前不久直接从牛引入的。马的疖肿的可能性较小。黄石国家公园以南冬季饲养场的麋鹿显然直接从牛身上感染了这种疾病。目前使用大提顿国家公园的野牛可能从饲养场麋鹿那里感染了布鲁氏菌病。
Brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus occurs in the free-ranging bison (Bison bison) of Yellowstone and Wood Buffalo National Parks and in elk (Cervus elaphus) of the Greater Yellowstone Area. As a result of nationwide bovine brucellosis eradication programs, states and provinces proximate to the national parks are considered free of bovine brucellosis. Thus, increased attention has been focused on the wildlife within these areas as potential reservoirs for transmission to cattle. Because the national parks are mandated as natural areas, the question has been raised as to whether Brucella abortus is endogenous or exogenous to bison, particularly for Yellowstone National Park. We synthesized diverse lines of inquiry, including the evolutionary history of both bison and Brucella, wild animals as Brucella hosts, biochemical and genetic information, behavioral characteristics of host and organism, and area history to develop an evaluation of the question for the National Park Service. All lines of inquiry indicated that the organism was introduced to North America with cattle, and that the introduction into the Yellowstone bison probably was directly from cattle shortly before 1917. Fistulous withers of horses was a less likely possibility. Elk on winter feedgrounds south of Yellowstone National Park apparently acquired the disease directly from cattle. Bison presently using Grand Teton National Park probably acquired brucellosis from feedground elk.