Effects of xylene isomers on operant responding and motor performance in mice.
Effects of xylene isomers on operant responding and motor performance in mice.
复制标题
二甲苯异构体对小鼠操作反应和运动表现的影响。
DOI：
10.1016/0041-008x(85)90086-9
复制
发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Balster,RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moser,VC;Coggeshall,EM;Balster,RL
二甲苯是一种广泛使用的工业溶剂，它是邻位异构体、间位异构体和对异构体的混合物。在这项研究中，我们检查了每个单独的异构体以及商业级二甲苯混合物对两种行为测量的影响：(1)在DRL（低速率差异强化）10秒计划下训练15只小鼠的杠杆按压操作表现，以及(2)小鼠在倒立屏幕测试中的运动表现。在静态吸入室中暴露于溶剂蒸气（500至7000 ppm）或空气30分钟后，立即进行15分钟的手术。所有小鼠以平衡的顺序暴露于每种异构体中，并且在所有情况下最后给予混合物。邻位二甲苯、间位二甲苯、对二甲苯和混合二甲苯对反应率产生了类似的双相效应，并且强化率随浓度的降低而降低。每种异构体在任何变量上的最低显著有效浓度为1400 ppm，此时响应率会增加。从5179 ppm（邻二甲苯）到6176 ppm（间二甲苯），反应率下降了一半。即使在高浓度下，反应的时间分布也只是中度中断。在其他小鼠组中，二甲苯也以浓度依赖的方式破坏了运动协调。半最大有效浓度为2676 ppm（对二甲苯）至3790 ppm（间二甲苯）。最低有效浓度为2000至3000 ppm，高于操作性研究中所见的浓度。二甲苯在急性暴露后产生明显的行为行为，在个体异构体和商业混合物之间，总体效果没有实质性差异，只有轻微的效力差异。
Xylene, a widely used industrial solvent, is a mixture of the ortho-, meta-, and para-isomers. In this study we examined the effects of each individual isomer, as well as a commercial-grade mixture of xylenes, on two behavioral measures: (1) operant performance of 15 mice trained to lever-press under a DRL (differential reinforcement of low rates) 10-sec schedule, and (2) motor performance of mice on an inverted screen test. The 15-min operant sessions immediately followed 30-min exposures to solvent vapors (500 to 7000 ppm), or air, in static inhalation chambers. All mice were exposed to each isomer in a counterbalanced order, and the mixture was given last in all cases. Ortho-, meta-, para-, and mixed xylenes produced similar biphasic effects on response rates, and concentration-dependent decreases in reinforcement rates. The lowest significantly effective concentration for each isomer on any variable was 1400 ppm, where increases in response rates occurred. Half-maximal response rate decreases were produced by 5179 ppm (ortho-xylene) to 6176 ppm (meta-xylene). The temporal distribution of responses was only moderately disrupted, even at high concentrations. In other groups of mice, motor coordination was also disrupted by the xylenes in a concentration-dependent manner. Half-maximal effective concentrations were 2676 ppm (para-xylene) to 3790 ppm (meta-xylene). Minimally effective concentrations were 2000 to 3000 ppm, higher than those seen in the operant studies. Xylene produced pronounced behavioral actions following acute exposure and no substantial differences in overall effects, and only slight potency differences, were obtained between the individual isomers or the commercial mixture.