Activity Mediates Conscientiousness' Relationship to Diurnal Cortisol Slope in a National Sample
Activity Mediates Conscientiousness' Relationship to Diurnal Cortisol Slope in a National Sample
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DOI：
10.1037/hea0000243
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Slatcher, Richard B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bogg, Tim;Slatcher, Richard B.
目的：本研究利用一项大型全国性研究的数据，探讨了从神经质和神经质的人格特征到与健康相关的行为到压力激素皮质醇的昼夜模式的途径。方法：使用来自美国中年人的前瞻性数据，（MIDUS II）研究和日常经验的国家研究（NATURAL II，MIDUS子研究）、分层线性模型（HLM）和多水平模型中介的蒙特卡罗估计用于检验直接和间接效应（通过一般活动水平，中度和剧烈的身体活动，经常吸烟的终身史，和饮酒）对唤醒时皮质醇、昼夜皮质醇斜率和皮质醇唤醒反应的神经质和焦虑（N = 960）。结果：初始HLM模型显示，更高水平的肥胖与更陡峭的（即，更健康）昼夜皮质醇斜率。与假设的间接生物行为途径一致，当控制人口统计学因素，皮质醇相关药物，日常压力源和积极影响时，HLM模型显示，一般活动水平介导了焦虑和昼夜皮质醇斜率之间的关系。终生吸烟史与昼夜皮质醇斜率较平相关，但不影响昼夜皮质醇斜率。没有发现对神经质的影响。结论：研究结果支持了一个心理生理学模型的顺从性，一个提供了一个更完整的渲染健康保护机制的顺从性通过下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能。具体来说，介导的途径表明，更多地参与日常生活活动是一种工具性手段，通过这种手段，有责任心的人可以体验到更健康的应激激素分泌模式。
Objective: The present study explored pathways from the personality traits of neuroticism and conscientiousness through health-related behaviors to diurnal patterns of the stress hormone cortisol using data from a large national study. Method: Using prospective data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS II) study and the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE II, a MIDUS substudy), hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) and Monte Carlo estimation for multilevel model mediation were used to test direct and indirect effects (via general activity level, moderate and vigorous physical activity, lifetime history of regular smoking, and alcohol consumption) of neuroticism and conscientiousness on cortisol at wakeup, diurnal cortisol slope, and cortisol awakening response (N = 960). Results: Initial HLM models showed greater levels of conscientiousness were associated with steeper (i.e., healthier) diurnal cortisol slope. Consistent with a hypothesized indirect biobehavioral pathway, when controlling for demographic factors, cortisol-related medications, daily stressors, and positive affect, HLM models showed the relationship between conscientiousness and diurnal cortisol slope was mediated by general activity levels. Lifetime history of smoking was associated with flatter diurnal cortisol slope, but did not mediate the effect of conscientiousness on diurnal cortisol slope. No effects were found for neuroticism. Conclusions: The results support a psychophysiological model of resilience-one that provides a more complete rendering of the health-protective mechanisms of conscientiousness via hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning. Specifically, the mediated pathway suggests greater engagement in the activities of day-to-day life are an instrumental means by which conscientious individuals experience healthier patterns of stress hormone secretion.