Glacial‐Interglacial Controls on Ocean Circulation and Temperature During the Permo‐Carboniferous
Glacial‐Interglacial Controls on Ocean Circulation and Temperature During the Permo‐Carboniferous
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DOI：
10.1029/2022pa004417
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发表时间：
2022-10
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
S. Macarewich;C. Poulsen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Macarewich;C. Poulsen
在二叠纪-石炭纪期间，地球上第二个冰窖的顶点与大气二氧化碳、海平面和高纬度冰的剧烈冰川-间冰期波动相吻合。在此期间，全球海洋动物群也发生了变化，包括有孔虫多样性达到峰值，这表明冰期-间冰期气候变化影响了海洋生态系统。然而，二叠纪-石炭纪海洋环流和温度的变化及其对海洋生态系统变化的影响在很大程度上是未知的。在这里，我们使用群落地球系统模型1.2版对最新石炭世—早二叠纪（~ 305—295 Ma）的冰期和间冰期进行了模拟，以估计这段时间内的全球海洋环流和温度。我们描述了冰期和间冰期表面洋流、温度和盐度的一般模式，并将它们与记录的二叠纪-石炭纪海洋动物的丰度和分布以及工业化前的气候模拟进行了比较。然后，我们探讨了冰川-间冰期大气二氧化碳、海平面和高纬度冰范围的变化如何影响热盐环流。我们发现赤道表面温度的冰期-间冰期变化始终为~ 3-6°C。在冰川模拟中，海洋环流总体上更强，特别是由于较低的大气二氧化碳使北半球的深层对流成为可能。在相同的大气CO2水平下，二叠纪—石炭纪超级海洋的风驱动环流、热输送和上升流强度总体上比工业化前的海洋更强。我们还发现，早二叠世CO2诱导的冰川条件可能通过增加热梯度和抑制海洋陆架环境中的河流输入来促进有孔虫多样性。
The apex of Earth's penultimate icehouse during the Permo‐Carboniferous coincided with dramatic glacial‐interglacial fluctuations in atmospheric CO2, sea level, and high‐latitude ice. Global transformations in marine fauna also occurred during this interval, including a rise to peak foraminiferal diversity, suggesting that glacial‐interglacial climate change impacted marine ecosystems. Nevertheless, changes in ocean circulation and temperature over the Permo‐Carboniferous and their influence on marine ecosystem change are largely unknown. Here, we present simulations of glacial and interglacial phases of the latest Carboniferous‐early Permian (∼305‐295 Ma) using the Community Earth System Model version 1.2 to provide estimates of global ocean circulation and temperature during this interval. We characterize general patterns of glacial and interglacial surface ocean currents, temperature, and salinity, and compare them to the documented abundance and distribution of Permo‐Carboniferous marine fauna as well as a preindustrial climate simulation. We then explore how glacial‐interglacial changes in atmospheric CO2, sea level, and high‐latitude ice extent impact thermohaline circulation. We find that glacial‐interglacial changes in equatorial surface temperatures are consistently ∼3–6°C. Ocean circulation is stronger overall in the glacial simulation, particularly as lower atmospheric CO2 enables deep convection in the Northern Hemisphere. Wind‐driven circulation, heat transport, and upwelling intensity are stronger overall in the Permo‐Carboniferous superocean relative to the preindustrial oceans at the same level of atmospheric CO2. We also find that CO2‐induced glacial conditions of the early Permian may have promoted foraminiferal diversity through increased thermal gradients and suppressed riverine input in marine shelf environments.