Critical Reasons for Crashes Investigated in the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey
Critical Reasons for Crashes Investigated in the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey
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发表时间：
2015-02
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通讯作者：
Santokh Singh
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作者：
Santokh Singh
2005年至2007年进行的全国机动车碰撞原因调查(NMVCCS)旨在收集导致涉及轻型车辆的碰撞的事件和相关因素的现场信息。在数据收集过程中，对碰撞发生的几个方面进行了调查，即碰撞前的运动、碰撞前的关键事件、关键原因以及相关因素。在两年半的时间里，对5470起撞车事故进行了加权抽样调查，这代表着全国估计有218.9万起撞车事故。据估计，这些撞车事故涉及约4,031,000辆汽车，3,945,000名司机和1,982,000名乘客。关键原因是事故原因链中的最后一个事件，在94%(±2.2%)的†中，关键原因被分配给司机。在大约2%(±0.7%)的撞车事故中，关键原因被归因于车辆部件的故障或退化，在2%(±1.3%)的撞车事故中，关键原因被归因于环境(光滑的道路、天气等)。在被分配了关键原因的大约204.6万名司机中，识别错误约占撞车事故的41%(±2.1%)，决策错误约占33%(±3.7%)，性能错误约占11%(±2.7%)。
The National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey (NMVCCS), conducted from 2005 to 2007, was aimed at collecting on-scene information about the events and associated factors leading up to crashes involving light vehicles. Several facets of crash occurrence were investigated during data collection, namely the pre-crash movement, critical pre-crash event, critical reason, and the associated factors. A weighted sample of 5,470 crashes was investigated over a period of two and a half years, which represents an estimated 2,189,000 crashes nationwide. About 4,031,000 vehicles, 3,945,000 drivers, and 1,982,000 passengers were estimated to have been involved in these crashes. The critical reason, which is the last event in the crash causal chain, was assigned to the driver in 94 percent (±2.2%)† of the crashes. In about 2 percent (±0.7%) of the crashes, the critical reason was assigned to a vehicle component’s failure or degradation, and in 2 percent (±1.3%) of crashes, it was attributed to the environment (slick roads, weather, etc.). Among an estimated 2,046,000 drivers who were assigned critical reasons, recognition errors accounted for about 41 percent (±2.1%), decision errors 33 percent (±3.7%), and performance errors 11 percent (±2.7%) of the crashes.