Does Fetal antigen 1 (FA1) identify cells with regenerative, endocrine and neuroendocrine potentials? A study of FA1 in embryonic, fetal, and placental tissue and in maternal circulation
Does Fetal antigen 1 (FA1) identify cells with regenerative, endocrine and neuroendocrine potentials? A study of FA1 in embryonic, fetal, and placental tissue and in maternal circulation
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1432-0436.2000.066001049.x
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发表时间：
2000-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Teisner, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Floridon, C;Jensen, CH;Teisner, B
胎儿抗原1（FA 1）是一种循环EGF多结构域糖蛋白。FA 1及其膜相关前体由称为δ样（dlk）、前脂肪细胞因子I（preadipocyte factor I，FXR-1）或肾小球特异性因子（ZOG）的mRNA定义。使用识别两种形式的多克隆抗体，分析了FA 1/dlk在妊娠第5周至第25周之间的胚胎和胎儿组织中的定位，并与胚胎起源和发育相关。FA 1在内胚层来源的肝细胞、胰腺原基的腺细胞和呼吸道上皮细胞中观察到。FAI还存在于肾近端小管、肾上腺皮质、睾丸和卵巢的Leydig和门细胞、胎儿成软骨细胞和骨骼肌管的中胚层来源的细胞中。外胚层来源的神经和腺垂体细胞，第三脑室和脉络丛的细胞也呈FA 1阳性。在胎儿发育期间，表达FA 1的细胞数量减少，表达仅限于特定的功能细胞。表皮、肠上皮、胆囊、血细胞、脾、甲状腺、唾液腺和平滑肌细胞为FAI阴性。对正常和病理妊娠的胚外组织的分析显示，FAI在卵黄囊血岛周围的基质细胞以及胎盘成纤维细胞中表达，其中在二倍体、雄激素性完全性葡萄胎中表达最明显。然而，通过ELISA测定，完全性葡萄胎的循环母体FA 1水平与正常妊娠没有差异。结果表明，FA 1是一种生长和/或分化因子，在未成熟细胞中广泛表达，并在胎儿发育过程中下调。FA 1下调与亚细胞定位的变化有关，表明胎儿发育期间存在差异性翻译后/转录后修饰。FA 1可能是具有再生潜力的细胞亚型和具有内分泌或神经内分泌功能的特定细胞的新标记物。
Fetal antigen 1 (FA1) is a circulating EGF multidomain glycoprotein. FA1 and its membrane-associated precursor is defined by the mRNAs referred to as delta-like (dlk), preadipocyte factor I (pref-1) or zona glomerulosa-specific factor (ZOG). Using a polyclonal antibody recognising both forms, the localisation of FA1/dlk was analysed in embryonic and fetal tissues between week 5 to 25 of gestation and related to germinal origin and development. FA1 was observed in endodermally derived hepatocytes, glandular cells of the pancreas anlage, and in respiratory epithelial cells. FAI was also present in mesodermally derived cells of the renal proximal tubules, adrenal cortex, Leydig and Hilus cells of the testes and ovaries, fetal chondroblasts, and skeletal myotubes. Ectodermally derived neuro- and adenohypophysial cells, cells in the floor of the 3rd ventricle and plexus choroideus were also FA1 positive. The number of cells expressing FA1 decreased during fetal development where the expression became restricted to specific functional cells. Epidermis, gut epithelium, gall bladder, blood cells, spleen, thyroid gland, salivary glands, and smooth muscle cells were FAI negative. Analysis of extra-embryonic tissues from normal and pathological pregnancies revealed FAI in stromal cells surrounding the blood islands of the yolk sac as well as in placental fibroblasts where the expression was most pronounced in diploid, androgenic complete hydatidiform moles. However, as measured by ELISA, the circulating maternal FA1 levels in complete moles were not different from normal pregnancies. The results presented suggest that FA1 is a growth and/or differentiation factor extensively expressed in immature cells and down-regulated during fetal development. FA1 down-regulation was associated with a shift in the subcellular localisation indicating differential post-translational/post-transcriptional modifications during fetal development. FA1 may be a new marker of cellular subtypes with a regenerative potential and of specific cells with endocrine or neuroendocrine functions.