Wheat genomics and breeding: bridging the gap.-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.31220/agrirxiv.2021.00039

发表时间：

2021

期刊：

影响因子：

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

其他

文献类型：

作者：

B. Hussain;B. A. Akpınar;M. Alaux;A. Algharib;D. Sehgal;Z. Ali;Rudi Appels;G. I. Aradottir

摘要新一代测序（NGS）技术的最新技术进步极大地降低了DNA测序的成本，使具有大型和复杂基因组的物种得以测序。虽然面包小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）马铃薯是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一，但由于其大的多倍体基因组，直到最近，分子标记辅助育种方法的有效利用一直落后于其他作物物种。然而，一项历时9年的国际公私合作项目报告称，2014年的面包小麦基因组草图超过65%，最终，经过十多年的努力，最终在2017年发布了一个黄金标准的、完全注释的参考小麦基因组组装。此后不久，在2020年，又发布了另外15份全球小麦种质的基因组。小麦已进入泛基因组时代，基础资源得以高效利用。用几百个标记的小麦基因分型已经被能够使用数千个标记对数百个小麦品系进行基因分型的基因分型阵列所取代，从而为小麦育种中的利用提供快速、相对便宜且可靠的数据。这些进展为小麦分子标记辅助选择（MAS）和基因组选择（GS）开辟了新的领域。本文综述了小麦遗传学和基因组学的研究进展，重点介绍了小麦产量、产量相关性状、最终品质、生物和非生物胁迫抗性等关键性状的研究进展。我们还招募了几个报告的候选人和克隆的候选基因负责上述感兴趣的性状。此外，我们报告了通过使用（i）成簇的规则间隔短回文重复序列/CRISPR相关蛋白9（CRISPR/Cas9）介导的基因编辑，（ii）定位克隆方法和基因组选择来改善上述数量性状。最后，我们提出了利用基因组学为下一代小麦育种的建议，并提供了一个实际的例子，使用最新的，在硅片生物信息学工具的基础上，小麦参考基因组序列。

Abstract Recent technological advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have dramatically reduced the cost of DNA sequencing, allowing species with large and complex genomes to be sequenced. Although bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world's most important food crops, until very recently efficient exploitation of molecular marker-assisted breeding approaches has lagged behind that achieved in other crop species due to its large polyploid genome. However, an international public-private effort spanning nine years reported over 65% draft genome of bread wheat in 2014, and finally, after more than a decade culminated in the release of a gold-standard, fully annotated reference wheat genome assembly in 2017. Shortly thereafter, in 2020, the genome of assemblies of additional fifteen global wheat accessions were released. Wheat has now entered into the pan-genomic era where basic resources can be efficiently exploited. Wheat genotyping with a few hundred markers has been replaced by genotyping arrays capable of genotyping hundreds of wheat lines using thousands of markers, providing fast, relatively inexpensive, and reliable data for exploitation in wheat breeding. These advances have opened up a new horizon for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) in wheat. Herein, we review the advances and perspectives in wheat genetics and genomics, with a focus on key traits including grain yield, yield-related traits, end-use quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. We also enlisted several reported candidate and cloned candidate genes responsible for the aforesaid traits of interest. Furthermore, we report on the improvement in the aforementioned quantitative traits through the use of (i) clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) mediated gene-editing, (ii) positional cloning methods, and of genomic selection. Finally, we make recommendations on the utilization of genomics for the next-generation wheat breeding and provide a practical example of using the latest, in silico bioinformatics tools that were based on the wheat reference genome sequence.

Wheat genomics and breeding: bridging the gap.

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