Simulating the impact of emissions of brominated very short lived substances on past stratospheric ozone trends

Simulating the impact of emissions of brominated very short lived substances on past stratospheric ozone trends
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模拟溴化寿命极短的物质的排放对过去平流层臭氧趋势的影响

DOI:
10.1002/2014gl062975
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
S. Meul
S. Meul
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sinnhuber;S. Meul

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主要来自天然海洋的极短寿命物质(VSLS)中的溴对平流层的溴含量有很大贡献。迄今为止,在大多数化学气候模型对平流层臭氧趋势的计算中,都忽略了平流层溴的这一来源。在这里,我们提出了一个短暂的模拟与化学气候模型EMAC的1960-2005年期间,包括五个溴化VSLS CHBr 3,CH 2Br 2,CH 2BrCl,CHBrCl 2和CHBr 2Cl的排放量。排放导致目前条件下平流层溴的实际负荷约为20 pptv。与没有VSLS的标准模式模拟的比较表明,在对流层最低平流层和对流层外的模拟臭氧有很大的差异。南极臭氧洞的臭氧差异最大,当包括VSLS时,臭氧减少了20%以上。即使假设垂直起降系统的排放量在时间上是恒定的,但包括垂直起降系统的模型模拟显示,1979-1995年期间平流层最低层的臭氧减少幅度要大得多,1996-2005年期间臭氧增加速度更快,与不包括垂直起降系统排放量的标准模拟相比,这与观测到的臭氧趋势更吻合。
Bromine from very short lived substances (VSLS), primarily from natural oceanic sources, contributes substantially to the stratospheric bromine loading. This source of stratospheric bromine has so far been ignored in most chemistry climate model calculations of stratospheric ozone trends. Here we present a transient simulation with the chemistry climate model EMAC for the period 1960–2005 including emissions of the five brominated VSLS CHBr3, CH2Br2, CH2BrCl, CHBrCl2, and CHBr2Cl. The emissions lead to a realistic stratospheric bromine loading of about 20 pptv for present‐day conditions. Comparison with a standard model simulation without VSLS shows large differences in modeled ozone in the extratropical lowermost stratosphere and in the troposphere. Differences in ozone maximize in the Antarctic Ozone Hole, resulting in more than 20% less ozone when VSLS are included. Even though the emissions of VSLS are assumed to be constant in time, the model simulation with VSLS included shows a much larger ozone decrease in the lowermost stratosphere during the 1979–1995 period and a faster ozone increase during 1996–2005, in better agreement with observed ozone trends than the standard simulation without VSLS emissions.
测量 OH 与溴仿 (CHBr3)、CHBr2Cl、CHBrCl2 和环氧氯丙烷 (C3H5ClO) 反应的速率常数。
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